Monday, October 16, 2017

Did Jesus really exist?

Whether Jesus existed depends on several types of evidence: Christian or biblical record, secular record and/ or archeological evidence.



First, there is plenty of proof that parts of the New Testament at least were written no longer than 25 to 30 years after the events (some of Paul's epistles and probably Mark's Gospel) and no longer than 100 years after the events (John's Gospel, though this is hotly debated).  The mss of the NT is 95% to 99% sure in terms of faithful copying and early dating.

For further information one can go to this link and read the article there.  


The article is short, but the main point is that there is more evidence that the New Testament was written or copied earlier and in more copies than for many other ancient books than, for example, Plato's works. Thus, we know that the NT we have is more sure as an ancient book than we are that Plato wrote his dialogues.

Liberal scholars have applied an approach, which involves an evolutionary growth in the "myth" of Jesus, e.g. Rudolph Bultmann.  Miracles are explained away.  Most of these scholars are no longer credible.

Here's an article in the Guardian (a liberal English newspaper) affirming that Jesus lived and died. 


Here is a longer article giving good nonChristian evidence for Jesus' existence.


If one wants further evidence for the reliability of the New Testament, I suggest FF Bruce, The New Testament Documents: Are they reliable?  It's an older book, but it's still got the evidence.

You can also try New Evidence That Demands a Verdict by Josh McDowell.  It's a compilation of many sources.

The issue is: "Can we trust the New Testament to give us true evidence for Jesus' existence, words and life, and resurrection?" or "Is the NT only a Christian document which is full of myths?"

The main issue is whether we believe miracles (like a resurrection) can occur.  If we do not, then the NT must be full of myths.

Rudolph Bultmann many years ago set out to "demythologize" the New Testament.  He wasn't the first. Thomas Jefferson cut out all the miracles from his paper Bible to have a "pure", rational Bible.


The issue is whether we believe in a God who can do miracles (theistic super-naturalism) or whether we do not.  There are several good reasons or arguments which can be given for the belief that God exists.  I will give them in another blog.

Gottschalk Gazette October 2017

News from Phil & Linda Gottschalk
Teaching at Tyndale Theological Seminary
equipping leaders to reach Europe and the world with the Gospel

We train the trainers!  2 Tim. 2:2

Linda Teaching a New Course

Linda is teaching a new course this Fall semester at Tyndale, “Reading Luther.” In a homage to the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, Linda has devised a course in which she and her students read through sections of selected works by Martin Luther. 



Linda has also given an introductory lecture to the course and introduces each section of the reading for the day.  She has made a compendium of selected readings from works of Martin Luther to emphasize some of his central teachings. 

She has designed the course so that students can get one or more credits for the course, which means that they can do more reading and write papers to get up to three credits for the course.  This is helpful to students who would rather just read along or who would rather get more credits, that is to take the course as a full-fledged elective course.

Library Reorganization Continues!

Linda’s work with the library reorganization goes on.  The International Baptist Theological Studies Centre will give Tyndale a lot of shelving which Tyndale can use to build the collection.  IBTSC has already brought some shelving. More shelving needs to be brought from the old IBTSC building in Amsterdam to Tyndale.  Once the shelving is all at Tyndale, Linda and volunteers must assemble the shelving and reorganize the entire collection to make room for further acquisitions.

Helping Students Grow Spiritually

Linda now has two women students whom she guides in spiritual formation.  One student had returned home due to issues in her church, which meant that now Linda has only two students to guide.

This spiritual formation is more than simply guiding students through a textbook for the course.  It involves also meeting with students at least once a month besides their monthly group meeting.

Linda is an extremely caring mentor.  (You all know that!)  She goes well beyond what is required to help the women she mentors.  It is a privilege and a serious task to try to help someone grow spiritually. 

No one is a disembodied soul. So, all other areas of one’s being are impacted by the soul.  Linda has been working with her mentees to help them in all areas.  She helps with academic issues.  She listens empathically to issues related to health and relationships.  The goal is to help each person to grow as much as possible spiritually as well as academically in any given year.

Phil’s Sabbatical

As you read last time, Phil’s sabbatical began with his trip to work in the Moria Detention Centre on Lesvos, Greece.  His trip was part of researching the book he has been writing over the past two years about why we as Christians should care for and help refugees.

immigrants to assimilate into our countries.  With the help of a good friend from our church here in the Netherlands, Sue Kirby, who was an editor, Phil has thoroughly revised his book and turned it in to a publisher.

It has been a long labor of love to bring the book to this point.  The book is now in the hands of an editor who represents the publisher.  There is hope it will eventually see the light of day as a printed book.

At the same time, there may be further revisions.  For this reason, Phil has no big plans for his sabbatical.

However, at the same time he is working on one writing project, an article for a festschrift (an anthology of articles to celebrate the retirement of his doctoral mentor). 

William Desmond
He also continues to work on revising translations of articles with the help of his friend Igor Kobyakovskiy. These articles are a part of his book on Nicholas O. Lossky, a Russian religious philosopher.
Nicholas O. Lossk

Besides these projects, Phil must grade the assignments and papers of students who took “Introduction to Islamic Philosophy” at Zaporozhye Biblical Seminary in Ukraine last May.

As well, Phil needs to revise a course, “Communicating Christ to Postmoderns”, that will run in the Spring semester.  He will drop one thinker and add another.  He also needs to change the course so that students feel that they have had more input in how to answer Postmoderns.

Thanks for your prayers, support and gifts! 
Phil & Linda Gottschalk



Sunday, October 15, 2017

My thoughts are not your thoughts, ... says the Lord



Isaiah 55: 8

I have heard this verse misused so many times that I feel I must, if I haven’t already, exposit these verses in their context to make clear just what God is saying here.

Remember: “A text without a context is a pretext for a proof text.”

What God is not saying is that his logic is not our logic.  There is no logic, but God’s logic.  He is the ground of logic.  To think illogically is not to think in some sort of “godlike” or godly way or to think “beyond” God’s logic.  Humans and God think alike, though they do not always think the same things or have the same amount of data. Humans aren’t omniscient. 

Classical theologians and many ancient philosophers believed that the ability to think was God’s image in humankind.  This is false.  It is a part of God’s image in humans.  We do think, when we think correctly, as God does.

The image of God in humans is also much broader. We are spiritual beings.  We are eternal beings.  We are emotional beings. We are creators (lower case c). We create new things from existing materials.

We have the capacity and need to worship, to love, to think about eternity and our eternal destiny.  We are also creatures, who have a will and can accomplish things.

God’s logic is the only logic.

So what does this passage in fact say about “God’s thoughts”?

The context of verse 8 is verse 7.  What sort of thoughts do humans play with that God rejects?  Wicked thoughts! Unrighteous thoughts! 

In fact in Hebrew the word for “thoughts” (makh-ash-aw-baw') is intentions, purposes.  Your aims are not my aims.  In Hebrew parallelism is very important.  Parallelism means that in two parts of one verse two different words are used as synonyms (in this case).  The other word to parallel “thoughts” or intentions is “paths” or “roads” (derek).  In the Old Testament believers are to “walk in God’s ways”, in his paths.  This means that they are to do righteous deeds, to obey his laws, to do good to others.  The walk (“halak”) of a person is the sum total of all his or her actions.  A “wise” person “walks” in God’s “ways”, i.e. his laws, decrees, statutes and commands.  Though Hebrew wisdom is not primarily a “thought” related concept, it also requires cognitive understanding of what God has said and desires.

Isaiah has been busy declaring God’s judgment to the people of Judah and Israel.  He is using a familiar approach in the Old Testament of God as a judge in a heavenly courtroom calling his people to account for their misdeeds.

We humans have a capacity for self-deception.  We convince ourselves that God winks at our misdeeds.

We much prefer the idea that God’s logic is somehow “metalogical”, beyond human logic, or that he is the “Good beyond good and evil”.  It’s easier to say we can’t understand what God wants, than it is to admit we have done wrong and face our wrongdoing, and repent of it.

God is warning Israel that he won’t wink at their idolatry.  In fact, finally Nebuchadnezzar carries Judah off into exile as punishment for their wrongs.  God doesn’t think as we do, in so far as he does not overlook wrongly doing.

However, as is typical of Isaiah, there is no condemnation without possible reconciliation.  God is willing to forgive the wrong doings of those who confess their misdeeds and repent, turn from them to God.

While the words of false prophets fall to the ground unfulfilled, God’s words will be fulfilled.  God has a purpose in judgment of wrong doing: the restoration of the one who does wrong. vss 12, 13

So, please don’t use this passage to say that God somehow thinks differently than we do.  He thinks the same way, i.e. uses the same logic.  Where his logic and our logic differs is in our ability to excuse what he has declared wrong.

Isaiah 55 New International Version (NIV)
Invitation to the Thirsty
55
“Come, all you who are thirsty,
    come to the waters;
and you who have no money,
    come, buy and eat!
Come, buy wine and milk
    without money and without cost.
2
Why spend money on what is not bread,
    and your labor on what does not satisfy?
Listen, listen to me, and eat what is good,
    and you will delight in the richest of fare.
3
Give ear and come to me;
    listen, that you may live.
I will make an everlasting covenant with you,
    my faithful love promised to David.
4
See, I have made him a witness to the peoples,
    a ruler and commander of the peoples.
5
Surely you will summon nations you know not,
    and nations you do not know will come running to you,
because of the Lord your God,
    the Holy One of Israel,
    for he has endowed you with splendor.”
6
Seek the Lord while he may be found;
    call on him while he is near.
7
Let the wicked forsake their ways
    and the unrighteous their thoughts.
Let them turn to the Lord, and he will have mercy on them,
    and to our God, for he will freely pardon.
8
“For my thoughts are not your thoughts,
    neither are your ways my ways,”
declares the Lord.
9
“As the heavens are higher than the earth,
    so are my ways higher than your ways
    and my thoughts than your thoughts.
10
As the rain and the snow
    come down from heaven,
and do not return to it
    without watering the earth
and making it bud and flourish,
    so that it yields seed for the sower and bread for the eater,
11
so is my word that goes out from my mouth:
    It will not return to me empty,
but will accomplish what I desire
    and achieve the purpose for which I sent it.
12
You will go out in joy
    and be led forth in peace;
the mountains and hills
    will burst into song before you,
and all the trees of the field
    will clap their hands.
13
Instead of the thornbush will grow the juniper,
    and instead of briers the myrtle will grow.
This will be for the Lord’s renown,
    for an everlasting sign,
    that will endure forever.”

New International Version (NIV)
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