Whether Jesus existed depends on several types of evidence: Christian or biblical record, secular record and/ or archeological evidence.
First, there is plenty of proof that parts of the New
Testament at least were written no longer than 25 to 30 years after the events
(some of Paul's epistles and probably Mark's Gospel) and no longer than 100
years after the events (John's Gospel, though this is hotly debated). The
mss of the NT is 95% to 99% sure in terms of faithful copying and early dating.
For further information one can go to this link and read the article there.
The article is short, but the main point is that there is
more evidence that the New Testament was written or copied earlier and in more
copies than for many other ancient books than, for example, Plato's works.
Thus, we know that the NT we have is more sure as an ancient book than we are
that Plato wrote his dialogues.
Liberal scholars have applied an approach, which
involves an evolutionary growth in the "myth" of Jesus, e.g. Rudolph
Bultmann. Miracles are explained away. Most of these scholars are
no longer credible.
Here's an article in the Guardian (a liberal
English newspaper) affirming that Jesus lived and died.
Here is a longer article giving good
nonChristian evidence for Jesus' existence.
If one wants further evidence for the reliability
of the New Testament, I suggest FF Bruce, The New Testament Documents: Are they
reliable? It's an older book, but it's still got the evidence.
You can also try New Evidence That Demands a
Verdict by Josh McDowell. It's a compilation of many sources.
The issue is: "Can we trust the New
Testament to give us true evidence for Jesus' existence, words and life, and
resurrection?" or "Is the NT only a Christian document which is full
of myths?"
The main issue is whether we believe miracles
(like a resurrection) can occur. If we do not, then the NT must be full
of myths.
Rudolph Bultmann many years ago set out to
"demythologize" the New Testament. He wasn't the first. Thomas
Jefferson cut out all the miracles from his paper Bible to have a
"pure", rational Bible.
The issue is whether we believe in a God who can
do miracles (theistic super-naturalism) or whether we do not. There are several good reasons or arguments which can be given for the belief that God exists. I will give them in another blog.
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