tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11718837732032632912024-03-05T11:24:48.860-08:00Dr Phil G's PenseesPhil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.comBlogger99125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-91519149582271306172023-06-23T02:20:00.002-07:002023-06-23T02:27:03.038-07:00Phil Gottschalk CV<p> <img alt="" 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" /></p><p><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QfjxrM0c9PhlCY8aKXck8RviO0nz5Dqa/view?usp=sharing">PA GOTTSCHALK CV</a><br /></p>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-1817382134068054652023-05-01T03:02:00.000-07:002023-05-01T03:02:00.983-07:00 Doubting Thomas<p><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">by Philip A. Gottschalk</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">John 20:24-31</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>Jesus Appears to Thomas</i></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><i></i><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>Now Thomas (also known as Didymus), one of the Twelve, was not with the disciples when Jesus came. So the other disciples told him, “We have seen the Lord!”</i></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>But he said to them, “Unless I see the nail marks in his hands and put my finger where the nails were, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe.”</i></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><i></i><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>A week later his disciples were in the house again, and Thomas was with them. Though the doors were locked, Jesus came and stood among them and said, “Peace be with you!” Then he said to Thomas, “Put your finger here; see my hands. Reach out your hand and put it into my side. Stop doubting and believe.”</i></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><i></i><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>Thomas said to him, “My Lord and my God!”</i></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><i></i><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>Then Jesus told him, “Because you have seen me, you have believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed.”</i></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><i></i><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>The Purpose of John’s Gospel<br /></i></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>Jesus performed many other signs in the presence of his disciples, which are not recorded in this book. But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.</i></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I was reflecting on this passage as a part of my Bible reading plan.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We almost always refer to the Apostle Thomas as “Doubting Thomas” due to this passage.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>However, I was struck by several things. First of all, though Jesus does say, “Do not be doubting, but believe.”, he doesn’t really reprove Thomas for his demand to see the Lord’s hands and his side.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In fact, in the earlier passage just before this appearance, Jesus had appeared and showed the gathered disciples his hands and his side.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>This was proof that he was the same Jesus, who had died on the cross, and that he was alive, despite the fact that they saw him die. They were overjoyed.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Thomas wasn’t there. Like a good empiricist, or empirical scientist he asks for reasonable proof.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>“You all saw him.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>You saw his hands and side. Well, I want proof.”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We tend to see this as doubting, but Thomas is asking for the same thing the other disciples had already seen.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Thomas was asking for reasonable proof.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He wasn’t refusing to believe without evidence. He was legitimately asking for evidence. That his request is reasonable is shown by the fact that Jesus grants his request.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Jesus allows Thomas to have the same experience of himself as the Risen Christ that the others had had.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">John’s Gospel ends with the famous ending above and chapter 21 has the same sort of ending.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>John says that the point of elaborating these miracles, the signs (those special seven miracles which are followed by an accompanying sermon related to the topic of the miracle), are to help us believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God and that in believing we may have life in his name. That John repeats this sort of ending in chapter 22 says he is deadly serious about this idea of proof and belief.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Jesus is not calling for blind belief nor is John.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">John continues on this theme in his first epistle in the first chapter:</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>1 That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have looked at and our hands have touched—this we proclaim concerning the Word of life. </i><span class="s1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><i><sup>2 </sup></i></span><i>The life appeared; we have seen it and testify to it, and we proclaim to you the eternal life, which was with the Father and has appeared to us. </i><span class="s1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><i><sup>3 </sup></i></span><i>We proclaim to you what we have seen and heard, so that you also may have fellowship with us. And our fellowship is with the Father and with his Son, Jesus Christ. </i><span class="s1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><i><sup>4 </sup></i></span><i>We write this to make our</i><span class="s1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><i><sup>[</sup></i><a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+john+1&version=NIV#fen-NIV-30545a"><span class="s2" style="color: #0000e9;"><i><sup>a</sup></i></span></a><i><sup>]</sup></i></span><i> joy complete.</i></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">John emphasizes that the disciples saw Jesus alive (not just once but they saw him many times, as Luke explains: “he appeared many times over 40 days”).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They saw and touched him.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Luke is giving us evidence of eyewitnesses who saw and touched Jesus.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>This ought to be good enough for the harshest skeptic.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Jesus appeared in the flesh after his resurrection and they saw and touched him.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Jesus even ate some fish with them.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Despite the fact that he walked through walls and doors, he was a real person, a living person, a human being with a real body. He was recognizable at the same Jesus that they had known for three years.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br />However, John is not alone in this.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Luke begins both his Gospel and his Book of Acts with the same idea.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>Luke 1</i></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>1 Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled among us, </i><span class="s1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><i><sup>2 </sup></i></span><i>just as they were handed down to us by those who from the first were eyewitnesses and servants of the word. </i><span class="s1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><i><sup>3 </sup></i></span><i>With this in mind, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, I too decided to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, </i><span class="s1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><i><sup>4 </sup></i></span><i>so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.</i></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Luke is telling us that he is giving the report of eyewitnesses.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He is giving a very careful account of what Jesus said and did so that Theophilus could “know the certainty of the things you have been taught.” Luke wasn’t satisfied with just repeating nice stories.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>His goal was to give a careful account of things that had happened and that eyewitnesses had seen and heard.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>Act 1</i></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>1 In my former book, Theophilus, I wrote about all that Jesus began to do and to teach </i><span class="s1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><i><sup>2 </sup></i></span><i>until the day he was taken up to heaven, after giving instructions through the Holy Spirit to the apostles he had chosen. </i><span class="s1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><i><sup>3 </sup></i></span><i>After his suffering, he presented himself to them and gave many convincing proofs that he was alive. He appeared to them over a period of forty days and spoke about the kingdom of God.</i></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Again at the beginning of the Book of Acts Luke is trying to explain things that happened. He says that Jesus appeared after his death on the cross that he presented himself to them as alive and as a real person and that Jesus gave the apostles many convincing proofs of his being alive and real over a period of 40 days.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Luke is at pains to explain that these men, these Apostles, were eyewitnesses and their accounts of the risen Jesus were real.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">These two Gospel writers have the same goal: that we should believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God and that by believing we may find life in his name.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I was struck by a fact that I learned many years ago.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We know Jesus through the Gospels.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We may know something of him via mystical experience, but what we really can prove or demonstrate about Jesus comes through the Gospels.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Many scholars have set out to attack the Bible and the Gospels.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Our faith lives or dies on this point. We only have the writings of these eyewitnesses for proof.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>If the Gospels are not true, then Christianity is just another story. I will relate two examples of what I have in mind.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">A liberal scholar “proved” in the nineteenth century via the accounts Roman historians of Jesus’ time and later that there were no such things as Tetrarchs in Palestine.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(See Luke 3:1) There were four “Tetrachs” in Palestine: “following the death of Herod the Great in 4 BCE. The latter's client kingdom was divided between his sister Salome I and his sons Herod Archelaus, Herod Antipas, and Philip.” The word Tetrarch actually means one of four rulers. Who those four rulers were changed when various of the Herodians died. Pontius Pilate was also considered a tetrarch at one point. Honestly being sent to Palestine to govern was no great assignment.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The Jews were a fractious people, who constantly rebelled against Rome. But perhaps more to the point, a Roman historian had a lot to write about and miserable Palestine was the least of his concerns.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Eventually, though, a lintel of a door was unearthed in Palestine which said that Lysanias was the Tetrarch of Abilene.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>Lysanias, was tetrarch of Abila around 28 CE, according to Luke (3:1). Because Josephus only mentions a Lysanias of Abila who was executed in 36 BCE, some scholars have considered this an error by Luke. However, one inscription from Abila, which is tentatively dated 14–29 CE, appears to record the existence of a later tetrarch called Lysanias.</i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_biblical_figures_identified_in_extra-biblical_sources#cite_note-222"><span class="s3" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><i><sup>[214]</sup></i></span></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_biblical_figures_identified_in_extra-biblical_sources#cite_note-223"><span class="s3" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><i><sup>[215]</sup></i></span></a></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><i></i><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>214 Kerr, C. M., International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Wm. B. Eerdmans 1939, entry Lysanias </i><a href="http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/L/lysanias.html"><span class="s4"><i>[32]</i></span></a></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><i></i><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>215 Morris, Leon, Luke: an introduction and commentary </i><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1ngd8XtswdEC"><span class="s4"><i>[33]</i></span></a><i> Wm. B. Eerdmans 1988, p. 28</i></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><i></i><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>From Wikipedia<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16.1px;">“List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources”</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s4" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_biblical_figures_identified_in_extra-biblical_sources#cite_note-223"><i>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_biblical_figures_identified_in_extra-biblical_sources#cite_note-223</i></a></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">When this title was found on this lintel the liberal scholar was proven wrong.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In fact historians have since said that Luke was in fact a better historian than Josephus.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Luke’s veracity was proven yet again when a biblical scholar, William Ramsay, set out to explore Asia Minor (present day Turkey) and visit the seven churches there.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He considered Luke to be untrustworthy, but he thought he would use it as a rough guide.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>By the end of his search he came to view Luke as a better scholar and guide than any other books which were available to him.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">See</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">William Ramsay</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>Paul: the Traveller and the Roman Citizen</i></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1985</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Free for download here.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s4" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/stpaultraveller02ramsgoog"><i>https://archive.org/details/stpaultraveller02ramsgoog</i></a></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Another excellent book on this theme is<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">F.F. Bruce</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>The New Testament documents: Are they reliable?</i></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Fifth revised edition</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">InterVarsity Press: Downers Grove, IL, 2003</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">It can also be read for free at the Internet Archive.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s4" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://archive.org/details/newtestamentdocu0000bruc_e2s4/page/n4/mode/1up"><i>https://archive.org/details/newtestamentdocu0000bruc_e2s4/page/n4/mode/1up</i></a></span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">There are many books of apologetics which show the same thing: the Gospels and Bible tell the truth.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They give facts. Facts which can be known and verified.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Our faith rests on these facts and we can trust them.</p><div><br /></div>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-33486483550762915842022-09-28T07:24:00.001-07:002022-09-30T06:54:56.194-07:00Joseph a righteous sufferer<p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiJ-ybW-EmqZHK9l1JRX7GwLLIfpe0gs_i2vDNkj7W_rfDRsKqat32Ly6WH558J_dia7fJJjVlqQiEZSqi7F9pW5uwF4i0M0-EsUSdhc4dqR3c8ug9Ex7BD7Pk10Tj_2YFVGyXNpMBYFelgGlj8ydmdxxtpcon7N30Ex3mpfIdQvMmMDWoyrsmpxYYp3Q" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="187" data-original-width="384" height="156" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiJ-ybW-EmqZHK9l1JRX7GwLLIfpe0gs_i2vDNkj7W_rfDRsKqat32Ly6WH558J_dia7fJJjVlqQiEZSqi7F9pW5uwF4i0M0-EsUSdhc4dqR3c8ug9Ex7BD7Pk10Tj_2YFVGyXNpMBYFelgGlj8ydmdxxtpcon7N30Ex3mpfIdQvMmMDWoyrsmpxYYp3Q" width="320" /></a></div> Vincent Van Gogh Wheat sheaves<p></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The story of Joseph takes up the last third of the book of Genesis.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Joseph was one of the younger sons of Jacob. Jacob was the son of Abraham whom God chose. God told Abraham that he would make a great nation of him.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Abraham had two sons: Ishmael and Jacob or Israel.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Ishmael is understood to be the father of the Muslim peoples.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The nation of Israel descended from Jacob.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Jacob had twelve sons by four wives: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph and Benjamin and at least one daughter, Dinah (though there may have been other daughters).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Joseph was born when Jacob was old. (Gen. 37) Perhaps typically the old man loved his youngest son especially (at that time before Benjamin was born). Jacob gave Joseph gifts. which he did not give to the other brothers and seems to have been more permissive towards him. Jacob did not require Joseph to work like his older brothers, who tended the family’s flocks of sheep and goats. We may remember the famous “coat of many colors”.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>It might better be called the “ornate robe”. Perhaps it had beads or gold threads. But not only did Jacob spoil Joseph, Joseph was what we might call a “spoiled brat”.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Joseph couldn’t seem to miss the opportunity to “tattle” or tell on his brothers. The scriptures say that he gave a bad report to his father about his brothers.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>All of these things made him unliked by his brothers. We are not told that what Joseph was wrong.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>However, it was at best immature and at worst the behavior of a spoiled child. Naturally his brothers didn’t like him.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Then Joseph had two dreams. In the first dream there were sheaves of wheat bound standing in a field.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Joseph’s sheave was in the center with eleven sheaves in a circle around his.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Then all eleven of the sheaves bowed to his. The obvious understanding of this dream was that his brothers would bow down to him.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They were irate with him.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The scripture doesn’t say that Joseph sinned in seeing the dream or telling it, but it was at best unwise.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He then had another dream in which eleven sheaves and the sun and moon bowed down to him.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Even his father was irritated by this dream, since it implied that not only would Joseph’s brothers bow to him, but also his father and his mother.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Once again there is no indication that Joseph was doing this to be prideful or was sinning.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>However, it was unwise to tell it so openly to his brothers, who hated him all the more.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>These dreams in fact were to foreshadow what was going to happen to Joseph.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Later Jacob sent Joseph out to find his brothers who were grazing the flocks and bring back a report about how they are doing.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Joseph went out and found them. But when they saw him they put together a plan to kill him and say a wild beast had killed him. His brother, Judah, saw a caravan passing and they devised a plan to sell Joseph into slavery and make some money from the deal.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>This meant that they also had to tell their father that Joseph was dead. Despite their hatred for Joseph that must have been a very difficult thing to have to watch when Jacob grieved the loss of Joseph.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Joseph sold into slavery in Egypt (Gen. 39)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Joseph was sold to an Egyptian, Potiphar, who was an official of the Pharaoh. As this story progresses there is a phrase which is used over and over: 2. “The LORD was with Joseph so that he prospered,” Despite the fact that Joseph was a slave, God was with him and God blessed him. It might seem strange to hear this.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>God had given Joseph these dreams which led to his brothers hating him all the more. God allowed his brothers to hate him and sell him into slavery. And yet even in slavery, God blessed Joseph.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We probably find it very strange that God would allow Joseph to end up as a slave, but still bless him.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>His owner, his jailer and later Pharaoh see that the LORD is blessing him.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Probably they think that his tribal god is blessing him, but they realize that his god is making a difference.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>While Joseph’s brothers didn’t see God’s hand on him, these pagans did.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">It seems that Joseph was born for trouble, as the old African American spiritual hymn goes. Though Joseph was a conscientious manager of his owner’s property, he was faced with another temptation, another problem.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Potiphar’s wife saw that Joseph was handsome and well built.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>She desired him. In some cultures a slave would have been unable to refuse such advances. Joseph, however, did.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He says to the mistress:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">“With me in charge,” he told her, “my master does not concern himself with anything in the house; everything he owns he has entrusted to my care. No one is greater in this house than I am. My master has withheld nothing from me except you, because you are his wife. How then could I do such a wicked thing and sin against God?” (Gen. 39:8)</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">When Joseph refuses her advances he put forward several reasons: First,, my master has entrusted me with everything. That is, I have his complete trust. Secondly, I have the highest position in this house with only my master as higher.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Thirdly, my master has given me everything except you.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Joseph knew that this would be wrong. Finally, Joseph gave the most significant reason: “How then could I do such a wicked thing and sin against God?”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>This is not the Joseph we saw earlier.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He is now a thoughtful, careful, wise man. Yet he stands for being true to his master and not offending God by committing sexual sin. Joseph repeatedly refused her advances and even avoided going into the house when he could.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Eventually he had to go into the house and she trapped him. As he fled from her, she managed to rip his robe off him. Then she concocted the story that he came in to rape her.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We don’t know why his master believed her and imprisoned him, but he appears to have believed it or had to appear as if he believed it. Perhaps he could not risk allowing his wife to repeat the story without acting. He could not show favor to Joseph, a slave over his wife. Despite this miserable story the refrain is repeated: <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">“But while Joseph was there in the prison, the LORD was with him; he showed him kindness [khesed] and granted him favor in the eyes of the prison warden.” (Gen. 39:20)</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">God is still in control of Joseph’s life.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>God is doing something in Joseph.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Joseph ends up in a particular prison, one which is for the Pharaoh’s prisoners were kept.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>This might actually be a sign that Potiphar was trying to spare Joseph a harsher prison.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In any event it is where Joseph will meet two people who will change his life and the kingdom of Egypt and the nation of Israel.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>God blesses Joseph and Joseph is put in charge of “all those held in the prison, and he was made responsible for all that was done there.” (Gen. 39:22) Joseph has been learning management in Potiphar’s house and then in the Pharaoh’s prison. These skills of management of people and things will become extremely important in his life after he is freed from prison.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Joseph is learning not only management skills. He is learning wisdom, something he lacked when he told his family about his dreams.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>When refused Potiphar’s wife, he listed a number of good reasons NOT to receive her advances.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He also ultimately acknowledged God’s holy requirements and call in his life. In the prison Jospeh meets two former officials of the Pharaoh: his cup bearer and his baker. The cup bearer was a wine taster.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In ancient times a king would have a person to taste what was in his cup before drinking from it. This was because someone might have put poison in the cup to kill the king.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The cup bearer made sure at risk of his own life that all the king received was free of poison!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>However, apparently this cupbearer had done something to anger Pharaoh.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>There was also a royal baker in the prison.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We don’t know what he did or was accused of, but both of these servants of Pharaoh were in the prison and so met Joseph.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Each of these men had a dream.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>No one could interpret their dreams.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Dreams play an important part in the Bible.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Daniel interprets dreams for Nebuchadnezzar (II).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>So, Daniel was called a “wise man”.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Both Joseph and Daniel say something similar. The two officials say to Joseph:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">“‘We both had dreams,’ they answered, ‘but there is no one to interpret them.’</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Then Joseph said to them, ‘Do not interpretations belong to God? Tell me your dreams.’” (Gen. 40:8)</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Joseph does not say, “Here! I can interpret your dreams.” He says, “Do not interpretations belong to God?” Joseph knows that his God is the true God and his God is all-knowing. Daniel says something similar:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">“No wise man, enchanter, magician or diviner can explain to the king the mystery he has asked about, <span class="s1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>28 </sup></span>but there is a God in heaven who reveals mysteries. He has shown King Nebuchadnezzar what will happen in days to come.” (Daniel 2:27, 28)</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Both Joseph and Daniel give testimony to a God who can interpret dreams and reveal mysteries.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">It is helpful to remember the passage of time here.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Joseph was seventeen when he was thrown into the pit and sold into slavery by his brothers.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He spent some ten or more years in slavery and prison.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He was almost thirty by the time these events took place.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Despite the promiseы of the cupbearer and the baker they did not tell Pharaoh about Joseph until the Pharaoh had the dream about the cattle and the ears of corn. Once again Joseph attributes the power to interpret the dreams to God and not himself.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Joseph has learned wisdom. He will not exalt himself. He knows who is in control. So,</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I had a dream, and no one can interpret it. But I have heard it said of you that when you hear a dream you can interpret it.”</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">“I cannot do it,” Joseph replied to Pharaoh, “but God will give Pharaoh the answer he desires.” (Gen. 41:15, 16)</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">After Pharaoh tells his dreams to Joseph,</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Then Joseph said to Pharaoh, “The dreams of Pharaoh are one and the same. God has revealed to Pharaoh what he is about to do.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Joseph again gives glory to God. He doesn’t claim to know these secrets, but he acknowledges that it is God who does and makes them known. Joseph then lays out a plan of how to save the entire nation from famine.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He says, “let Pharaoh look for a discerning and wise man and put him in charge of the land of Egypt. (Gen. 41:33). After Joseph has laid out this plan, the Pharaoh says,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">“Can we find anyone like this man, one in whom is the spirit of God?”</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Since God has made all this known to you, there is no one so discerning and wise as you. You shall be in charge of my palace, and all my people are to submit to your orders. Only with respect to the throne will I be greater than you. ” (Gen. 41:38 - 40)</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Pharaoh sees that not only can this man reveal the meaning of his dreams, he is also a wise man, a man able to carry out this plan to save the nation.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He is “one in whom is the spirit of God.” In the account of Daniel telling Nebuchadnezzar the meaning of his dream at the end the text says:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">46 <span class="s1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup> </sup></span>Then King Nebuchadnezzar fell prostrate before Daniel and paid him honor and ordered that an offering and incense be presented to him. 47 <span class="s1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup> </sup></span>The king said to Daniel, “Surely your God is the God of gods and the Lord of kings and a revealer of mysteries, for you were able to reveal this mystery.” (Daniel 2:46)</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The Pharaoh’s admission that the spirit of god is in Joseph is not quite so grand.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>What Nebuchadnezzar did showed that he was now recognizing God as the true God.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Later in Daniel 5 the same idea of one in whom the god or gods dwell is used when people recall that Daniel interpreted Nebuchadnezzar’s dream. Daniel’s earlier actions is remembered: <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">11 There is a man in your kingdom who has the spirit of the holy gods in him. In the time of your father he was found to have insight and intelligence and wisdom like that of the gods. Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar, appointed him chief of the magicians, enchanters, astrologers and diviners. 12 He did this because Daniel, whom the king called Belteshazzar, was found to have a keen mind and knowledge and understanding, and also the ability to interpret dreams, explain riddles and solve difficult problems. Call for Daniel, and he will tell you what the writing means.” (Daniel 5:11, 12)</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The point is that both Joseph and Daniel were wise, not because they have some esoteric power, but because they believed and trusted in God. Though the Holy Spirit as a person of the godhead is not expressed in the Old Testament, people who are wise are said to have the “spirit of god.” (Gen. 41:38 <span class="s2" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">אִ֕ישׁ</span> <span class="s2" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">אֲשֶׁ֛ר</span> <span class="s2" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>ר֥וּחַ</b></span><b> </b><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>אֱלֹהִ֖ים</b></span> <span class="s2" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">בֹּֽו</span>) The text says that once the famine started the Pharaoh told people, “Go to Joseph and do what he tells you.” Joseph has become a wise counselor and an effective manager.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Once again it is emphasized that God blessed Joseph and gave him the complete trust of his master: first, Potiphar, then the prison warden<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and now Pharaoh himself.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Joseph is known to be so wise and so honest those who trust him have nothing to worry about.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">As we think about things that are going on nows, we at times become angry. The pointless war, the indiscriminate bombing, the senseless killing all make us angry.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We would not be human if we did not become angry.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>It’s amazing that we don’t see Joseph become angry. We could say that the writer of the text is presenting him as an ideal character, but from the standpoint of the text Joseph is growing in wisdom and stature. He could harbor a grudge against his brothers. He could harbor a grudge against Potiphar’s wife. He could harbor a grudge against the cupbearer and royal baker, who leave him to suffer two more years imprisonment.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>However, he has learned to trust God. He knows God is in control of the outcome of his suffering.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He has learned wisdom, the wisdom to be meek and submissive to God. He doesn’t become passive. He continues to serve his masters and God as he is able. He grows in ability and trust.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He learns from one place to another how to manage a larger and larger “household.”</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />This can be seen when his brothers finally show up to buy grain from him. (Gen. 42) This part of the story is amazing and instructive.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He recognizes them. They are shepherds and have long hair and beards.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The Egyptians shaved their heads and had stylized beards.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>While he recognized them and even understood their speech, they did not recognize him.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He was now about thirty years old.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He was an Egyptian official.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He did not at first reveal himself to them.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He spoke to them through an interpreter. He questions them closely to learn of his father and his brother, Benjamin, but he pretends to be only an Egyptian official trying to ferret out spies.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Perhaps he stooped here to tormenting his brothers a bit.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>After all they had sold him into slavery and he had been a slave for about twenty years. He played an elaborate trick on them to get them to bring his brother Benjamin to him.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They were terrified, both that he returned their money and then later by the apparent theft of his special goblet by Benjamin.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>For once these brothers were faced with their earlier crime against him.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">They said to one another, “Surely we are being punished because of our brother. We saw how distressed he was when he pleaded with us for his life, but we would not listen; that’s why this distress has come on us.”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Reuben replied, “Didn’t I tell you not to sin against the boy? But you wouldn’t listen! Now we must give an accounting for his blood.” (Gen. 42:21,22)</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Apparently this is what Joseph wanted, that is for them to recognize how they treated him and how it hurt.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>It is interesting how Moses tells us that when the brothers came the second time they bowed down to him.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">When Joseph came home, they presented to him the gifts they had brought into the house, and they bowed down before him to the ground. (Gen. 43:26)<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The very thing that Joseph had seen in his dream had come to true! Later after Joseph’s silver cup is found in Benjamin’s sack, Judah says,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">“What can we say to my lord? ” … “What can we say? How can we prove our innocence? <b>God has uncovered your servants’ guilt</b>. We are now my lord’s slaves —we ourselves and the one who was found to have the cup. ”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(Gen. 44:16)</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">They see this as a punishment from God because of how they had treated him! Judah, the one who thought up the plan to sell Joseph into slavery, is now willing to be enslaved so that Benjamin can go free! This is true repentance.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">At this point Joseph could not contain himself anymore.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(Gen. 45) The presence of his brothers and their repentance and grief have moved him to wailing. He sent out his servants and revealed himself to his brothers.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>At very least he started to speak to them in Hebrew. They were stunned! This Egyptian official was speaking in their own language and more bizarre he claimed to be their brother who had been sold into slavery.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">his brothers were not able to answer him, because they were terrified at his presence.</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Then Joseph said to his brothers, “Come close to me.” When they had done so, he said, “I am your brother Joseph, the one you sold into Egypt! And now, do not be distressed and do not be angry with yourselves for selling me here, because <b>it was to save lives that God sent me ahead of you</b>. For two years now there has been famine in the land, and for the next five years there will be no plowing and reaping. But <b>God sent me ahead of you to preserve for you a remnant on earth and to save your lives by a great deliverance</b>.</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">“So then, it was not you who sent me here, but God. He made me father to Pharaoh, lord of his entire household and ruler of all Egypt. (Gen. 45:3-8)</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">This text has some of the most beautiful statements in the scripture.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The brothers were terrified!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We had sold him into slavery and now he holds our lives in his hands!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He had earlier put them in prison for three days (not three decades as had resulted from their selling him into slavery). He tells them: “it was to save lives that God sent me ahead of you.” Joseph is able to look at his life and see God’s hand in all of these miserable events.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>God was sending him to Egypt to save lives.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>God knew of the famine to come and the man who would be needed to deal with it it. He chose Joseph even if that preparation meant slavery and imprisonment.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Joseph learned to manage a household, a prison and then a country.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Whatever the brothers thought, Joseph saw God’s hand in it all. He forgave them. Twice Joseph says, “God sent me ahead of you”. Joseph realizes that God has been in control all along.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Joseph also sees what God’s goal in sending him, preparing him was, to save lives. The famine would kill, but God’s purpose in sending Joseph to Egypt was to save lives.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He clarified this by saying “to preserve for you a remnant on earth and to save your lives by a great deliverance.” (Gen. 45:7) God’s plan in sending Joseph to Egypt was to save lives generally, but also to save the tribes and nation of Israel as well as the lives of his brothers.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">God had accomplished his goals in Joseph’s life to transform him from a spoiled brat to a gracious, forgiving, powerful man!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He was second only to Pharaoh and could be called “father to Pharaoh.”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Joseph was able to bring his family to Egypt. They were able to occupy a beautiful piece of land. They were 66 people when they entered Egypt and they were nearly two million when they left at the Exodus.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">I haven’t done justice to this story. You should read it for yourself.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>There are so many details and such a dramatic set of stories. It is a wonderful piece of literature, but it is also the truth.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>This story teaches us that there is a proper submission to God’s sovereign control.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Joseph learned to submit to God, but he also didn’t go into despair or sit and mope.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He worked in each place to grow in his abilities and to earn his master’s favor.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He went from managing one estate or plantation to managing a royal prison to managing the entire land of Egypt. Through each stage of his journey he seems to have learned how NOT to blame someone else or to brood about revenge.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He appears to have focussed on the next set of tasks rather than become bitter. He also learned how to be humble and submit to an earthly master. The one who wore the ornate robe as a child learned to be a submissive and wise slave. (He learned to control his tongue!) Eventually he wore ornate robes again as an Egyptian prince. He learned how to manage and rule.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">From Joseph’s story we learn how God is in control of even the most miserable events.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He will bring good out of evil for those who trust him and who are called according to his purposes. (Rom. 8:28) If we can react like Joseph to difficult circumstances and learn what God has for us, we will thrive and become wise. Ultimately this life is only a temporary state.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We are eternal beings meant to dwell with God in heaven.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>What we have or the positions we hold are only temporary. You are not what you own. You are not the title you hold.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>You are God’s child. You are his chosen one.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>You are his beloved one.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>No changes on earth can change those things. Whether you own a mansion or nothing at all. Whether you are an exalted professor or doctor. Whether you are a president or statesman. In the end you are a child of God and that is worth more than any other title or honor or possession.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;">+++++++++++++++++++++++</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">История Иосифа берет последнюю треть книги Бытия. Иосиф был одним из младших сыновей Иакова. Иаков был сыном Авраама, которого выбрал Бог. Бог сказал Аврааму, что он сделает из него великую нацию.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">“Господь сказал Авраму: – Оставь свою страну, свой народ и отцовский дом и иди в землю, которую Я тебе укажу. Я произведу от тебя великий народ и благословлю тебя; Я возвеличу твое имя, и ты будешь благословением. Я благословлю тех, кто благословляет тебя, и прокляну того, кто проклинает тебя; и через тебя получат благословение все народы на земле.”</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Бытие 12:1-3 НРП</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>У Авраама было два сына: Измаил и Иаков или Израиль. Измаил считается отцом мусульманских народов. Народ Израиля произошел от Иакова. У Иакова было двенадцать сыновей от четырех жен: Рувим, Симеон, Леви, Иуда, Дан, Нафтали, Гад, Ашер, Иссахар, Зебулун, Иосиф и Вениамин и, по крайней мере, одна дочь, Дина (хотя, возможно, были другие дочери).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Иосиф родился, когда Иаков был стар. (Быт. 37) Возможно, обычно старик особенно любил своего младшего сына (в то время до рождения Вениамина). Иаков дал Иосифу подарки. который он не дал другим братьям и, кажется, был более снисходителен к нему. Иаков не требовал, чтобы Иосиф работал, как его старшие братья, которые пасли семейных овец и коз. Мы можем помнить знаменитое «пальто многих цветов». Его лучше назвать «богато украшенной одеждой». Возможно, у него были бусы или золотые нити. Но Иаков не только избаловал Иосифа. Иосиф, похоже, не мог упустить возможность «пообщаться» /болтать или рассказать о своих братьях. В Писании говорится, что он дал плохой отчёт своему отцу о своих братьях. Все это сделало его непогашенным презираемый своими братьями. Нам не говорят, что Иосиф был неправ. Тем не менее, это было в лучшем случае незрелое, а в худшем - поведение избалованного ребенка. Естественно, его братья не любили его. Затем у Иосифа было две мечты. В первом сне стояли пшеничные снопы, стоящие в поле. Сноп Иосифа был в центре с одиннадцатью снопами в кругу вокруг его. Затем все одиннадцать снопов поклонились его. Очевидное понимание этого сна состояло в том, что его братья поклонятся ему. Они были разгневаны с ним. В Писании не говорится, что Иосиф согрешил, увидев сон или рассказав его, но в лучшем случае он был неразумным. Затем ему приснился еще один сон, в котором одиннадцать звезд и солнце и луна поклонились ему. Даже его отец был раздражен этой мечтой, поскольку это подразумевало, что братья Иосифа не только поклонятся ему, но и его отец и его мать. Еще раз нет никаких указаний на то, что Иосиф делал это, чтобы быть гордым или грешить. Тем не менее, было неразумно говорить это так открыто своим братьям, которые ненавидели его еще больше. Эти мечты на самом деле должны были предвещать то, что должно было случиться с Иосифом. Позже Иаков отправил Иосифа, чтобы найти его братьев, которые пасли в стада, и вернуть отчет о том, как у них дела. Иосиф вышел и нашел их. Но когда они увидели его, они составили план, чтобы убить его и сказать, что дикий зверь убил его. Его брат Иуда увидел проходящий караван, и они разработали план продать Иосифа в рабство и заработать немного денег на сделке. Это означало, что они также должны были сказать отцу, что Иосиф мертв. Несмотря на их ненависть к Иосифу, это, должно быть, было очень трудно наблюдать, когда Иаков оплакивал потерю Иосифа.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Тогда был Иосиф продан в рабство в Египте (Быт. 39). Иосиф был продан египтянину Потифару, который был чиновником фараона. По мере развития этой истории возникает фраза, которая используется снова и снова: 2. «Господь был с Иосифом, и он преуспевал». Несмотря на то, что Иосиф был рабом, Бог был с ним, и Бог благословил его. Это может нам показаться странным слышать это. Бог дал Иосифу эти мечты, которые привели к тому, что его братья ненавидели его еще больше. Бог позволил его братьям ненавидеть его и продавать в рабство. И все же даже в рабстве Бог благословил Иосифа. Мы, вероятно, находим очень странным, что Бог позволил бы Иосифу оказаться рабом, но все же благословит его. Его хозяин, его тюремщик, а затем фараон видят, что Господь благословляет его. Вероятно, они думают, что Его племенной Бог благословляет его, но они понимают, что Его Бог меняет ситуацию. Хотя братья Иосифа не видели Божью руку на нем, эти язычники видели. Кажется, что Иосиф родился для неприятностей, как гласит старый афроамериканский духовный гимн. Хотя Иосиф был добросовестным управляющим собственностью своего владельца, он столкнулся с другим искушением, другой проблемой. Жена Потифара увидела, что Иосиф был красив и хорошо сложен. Она желала его. В некоторых древных культурах раб не смог бы отказаться от таких авансов. Иосиф, однако, сделал. Он отказался жене Потифара: «сказав: – При мне мой господин может ни о чем не заботиться в доме; все, чем он владеет, он доверил мне. В этом доме я самый главный; мой господин не отказал мне ни в чем, кроме тебя, потому что ты – его жена. Как же я могу совершить такое великое зло и грех против Бога?» (Быт. 39: 8). Когда Иосиф отказывается от ее авансов, он выдвинул несколько причин: во-первых, мой хозяин доверил мне все. То есть у меня есть его полное доверие. Во-вторых, у меня самая высокая позиция в этом доме, только мой хозяин выше. В-третьих, мой хозяин дал мне все, кроме тебя. Иосиф знал, что это будет неправильно. Наконец, Иосиф назвал самую важную причину: «Как тогда я мог сделать такую злую вещь и грешить против Бога?» Это не тот Иосиф, которого мы видели ранее. Теперь он вдумчивый, осторожный, мудрый человек. И все же он выступает за то, что он верен своему хозяину и не оскорбляет Бога, совершая сексуальный грех. Иосиф неоднократно отказывался от ее авансов и даже избегал заходить в дом, когда мог. В конце концов ему пришлось войти в дом, и она поймала его в ловушку. Когда он сбежал от нее, ей удалось оторвать от него халат. Затем она придумала историю, что он пришел, чтобы изнасиловать ее. Мы не знаем, почему его хозяин поверил ей и заключил его в тюрьму, но он, кажется, поверил в это или должен был выглядеть так, как будто он в это верил. Возможно, он не мог рискнуть позволить своей жене повторить историю, не действуя. Он не мог показаться, что доверяет Иосифу, рабу своей жены, а не своей жене. Несмотря на эту жалкую историю, рефрен повторяется: «Но пока Иосиф был там в тюрьме, Господь был с ним; Он проявил к нему доброту [Хесед] и оказал ему милость в глазах тюремного надзирателя» (Быт. 39:20) Бог все еще контролирует жизнь Иосифа. Бог что-то делает в Иосифе. Иосиф попадает в определенную тюрьму, которая предназначена для заключенных фараона. На самом деле это может быть признаком того, что Потифар пытался избавить Иосифа к более суровой тюрьме. В любом случае именно здесь Иосиф встретит двух людей, которые изменят его жизнь, Царство Египта и народ Израиля. Бог благословляет Иосифа, и Иосиф назначен ответственным за «всех, кто находится в тюрьме, и он был взят на себя ответственным за все, что там было сделано» (Быт. 39:22) Иосиф учился управлению в доме Потифара, а затем в тюрьме фараона. Эти навыки управления людьми и вещами станут чрезвычайно важными в его жизни после того, как он освободится из тюрьмы. Иосиф изучает не только управленческие навыки. Он изучает мудрость, чего ему не хватало, когда он рассказал своей семье о своих мечтах. Когда он отказался от жены Потифара, он перечислил ряд веских причин не получать ее авансы. Он также в конечном итоге признал святые требования Бога и призыв в своей жизни. В тюрьме Иосиф встречает двух бывших чиновников фараона: его кубок и его пекарь. Кубок был дегустатором вина. В древние времена король имел человека, чтобы попробовать то, что было в его чашке, прежде чем пить из нее. Это было потому, что кто-то мог положить яд в чашку, чтобы убить короля. Носитель чашки позаботился о том, чтобы его собственная жизнь оказалась в опасности, что весь король был свободен от яда! Однако, видимо, этот кубок сделал что-то, чтобы разозлить фараона. В тюрьме был также королевский пекарь. Мы не знаем, в чем он делал или был обвинен, но оба эти слуги фараона были в тюрьме и поэтому встретились с Иосифом. У каждого из этих людей была мечта. Никто не мог интерпретировать их мечты. Мечты играют важную роль в Библии. Даниил интерпретирует мечты для Навуходоносора (II). Итак, Даниила называли «мудрым человеком». И Иосиф, и Даниил говорят нечто подобное. Два официальных лица говорят Иосифу: «У нас обоих были сны, - ответили они, - но никто не может их истолковать». Затем Иосиф сказал им: «Не принадлежит ли толкования Богу? Скажи мне свои мечты ». (Быт. 40: 8) Иосиф не говорит:« Здесь! Я могу истолковать твои мечты » Он говорит: «Разве интерпретации не принадлежат Богу?» Иосиф знает, что его Бог - истинный Бог, а его Бог всезнающий. Даниил говорит что-то подобное: «Ни один мудрый, волшебник, маг или прорицатель не могут объяснить царю тайну, о которой он спрашивал, 28 Но на небесах есть Бог, который раскрывает тайны. Он показал королю Навуходоносору, что произойдет в ближайшие дни » (Даниил 2:27, 28) И Иосиф, и Даниил свидетельствуют о Боге, который может истолковать мечты и раскрыть тайны. Полезно помнить время здесь. Иосифу было семнадцать, когда его бросили в яму и продали в рабство его братья. Он провел около десяти или более лет в рабстве и тюрьме. Ему было почти тридцать к тому времени, когда эти события произошли. Несмотря на обещание кубка и пекарья, они не рассказывали фараону об Иосифе, пока у фараона не приснился сон о коровах и колосьях. Иосиф снова приписывает силу толковать мечты Богу, а не себя. Иосиф научился мудрости. Он не будет превозносить себя. Он знает, кто всё контролирует. Итак, фараон сказал Иосифу: «У меня был сон, и никто не может его интерпретировать. Но я слышал, как о вас говорилось, что когда вы слышите сон, вы можете его интерпретировать » «Я не могу этого сделать, - ответил Иосиф фараону, - но Бог даст фараону ответ, которого он желает» (Быт. 41:15, 16) После того, как фараон рассказывает о своих мечтах Иосифу, тогда Иосиф сказал фараону: «Мечты фараона - это одно и то же. Бог открыл фараону то, что он собирается сделать. Иосиф снова дает славу Богу. Он не утверждает, что знает эти тайны, но он признает, что именно Бог делает и делает их известными. Затем Иосиф излагает план того, как спасти всю нацию от голода. Он говорит: «Пусть фараон будет искать проницательного и мудрого и назначить его ответственным за землю Египта. (Быт. 41:33). После того, как Иосиф изложил этот план, фараон говорит: «Можем ли мы найти кого-то вроде этого человека, в котором есть Дух Божий?» Затем фараон сказал Иосифу: «Поскольку Бог сделал все это вам известно, нет никого столь проницательного и мудрого, как вы. Вы будете отвечать за мой дворец, и все мои люди должны подчиняться вашим заказам. Только в отношении престола я буду больше тебя. »(Быт. 41:38 - 40) Фараон видит, что этот человек не только может раскрыть смысл своих снов, он также мудрый человек, человек, способный осуществить этот план, чтобы спасти нацию. Он «тот, в котором есть Дух Божий» В рассказе о том, как Даниил рассказывал Навуходоносору значение его мечты в конце текста гласит: «46 “Тогда царь Навуходоносор пал ниц перед Даниилом и повелел почтить его приношениями и возжиганием благовоний. 47 Царь сказал Даниилу: «Конечно, Бог твой - Бог Богов и Господь царей и раскрывающий тайны, потому что ты смог раскрыть эту тайну» (Даниил 2:46) Признание фараона о том, что Дух Божий находится в Иосифе, не так велико. То, что сделал Навуходоносор, показало, что теперь он признает Бога истинным Богом. Позже, в Данииле 5, та же идея о том, в которой живут бог или боги, используется, когда люди вспоминают, что Даниил истолковал мечту Навуходоносора. Предыдущие действия Даниила запомнились: «11 В вашем Царстве есть человек, в котором есть Дух Святых Богов. Во времена вашего отца он был обнаружен, обладая проницательностью, разумом и мудростью, как у богов. Ваш отец, король Навуходоносор, назначил его вождем магов, чародей, астрологов и прорицателей. 12 Он сделал это потому, что у Даниила, которого король по имени Белтешаззар, было установлено, что обладает острым умом, знаниями и пониманием, а также способностью интерпретировать сны, объяснять загадки и решать сложные проблемы. Позвоните Даниилу, и он скажет вам, что означает письмо » (Даниил 5:11, 12) Дело в том, что и Иосиф, и Даниил были мудры не потому, что они обладают какой-то эзотерической силой, а потому, что они верили и доверяли Богу. Хотя Святой Дух как личность Божества не выражается в Ветхом Завете, говорят, что мудрые ветхозаветные люди имеют «Дух Божий»<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Иосиф стал мудрым консультантом и эффективным менеджером. Еще раз подчеркивается, что Бог благословил Иосифа и дал ему полное доверие своего хозяина: сначала Потифар, затем тюремного надзирателя, а теперь и самого фараона. Иосиф, как известно, такой мудрый и такой честный тем, кто ему доверяет, не о чем беспокоиться. Когда мы думаем о вещах, которые происходят сейчас, мы иногда злимся. Бессмысленная война, неизбирательная бомбардировка, бессмысленные убийства - все это злит нас. Мы не были бы людьми, если бы не рассердились. Удивительно, что мы не видим, чтобы Иосиф злился. Можно сказать, что автор текста представляет его как идеального персонажа, но с точки зрения текста Иосиф растет в мудрости и росте. Он мог затаить обиду на своих братьев. Он мог скрывать обиду на жену Потифара. Он мог затаить обиду на кубка и королевского пекаря, которые оставляют его, чтобы пострадать еще на два года тюремного заключения. Однако он научился доверять Богу. Он знает, что Бог контролирует исход Его страданий. Он научился мудрости, мудрости быть кроткими и покорными Богу. Он не становится пассивным. Он продолжает служить своим хозяевам и Богу, как он способен. Он растет в способностях и доверии. Он учится от одного места к другому, как управлять большим и большим «домашним хозяйством» Это можно увидеть, когда его братья наконец появляются, чтобы купить зерно у него. (Быт. 42) Эта часть истории удивительна и поучительна. Он узнает их. Они пастухи и имеют длинные волосы и бороды. Египтяне побрили головы и стилизовали бороды. Хотя он узнал их и даже понял их речь, они не узнали его. Сейчас ему было около тридцати лет. Он был египетским чиновником. Сначала он не открыл себя им. Он говорил с ними через переводчика. Он тщательно ставит их, чтобы узнать о своем отце и брате Вениамине, но он притворяется только египетским чиновником, пытающимся разыскать шпионов. Возможно, он наклонился здесь, чтобы немного мучить своих братьев. После всего, что они продали его в рабство, и он был рабом около двадцати лет. Он сыграл над ними хитрый трюк, чтобы заставить их привести к себе своего брата Вениамина. Они были в ужасе, и то, что он вернул свои деньги, а затем и из-за очевидной кражи его особого кубка Вениамина. На этот раз эти братья столкнулись с их более ранним преступлением против него. Они сказали друг другу: «Конечно, нас наказывают из-за нашего брата. Мы видели, как он был огорчен, когда умолял нас за свою жизнь, но мы не будем слушать; Вот почему это бедствие обрушилось на нас » Рубен ответил: «Разве я не говорил тебе не грешить против мальчика? Но вы бы не слушали! Теперь мы должны дать отчет о его крови » (Быт. 42: 21,22). По-видимому, это то, чего хотел Иосиф, то есть они должны понять, как они относились к нему и как это больно. Интересно, как Моисей говорит нам, что когда братья пришли во второй раз, они поклонились ему. Когда Иосиф пришел домой, они подарили ему дары, которые они принесли в дом, и поклонились ему к земле. (Быт. 43:26) То, что Иосиф видел во сне, сбылось! Позже после того, как серебряный кубок Иосифа был найден в мешке Вениамина, Иуда говорит: «Что мы можем сказать моему Господу? … «Что мы можем сказать? Как мы можем доказать нашу невиновность? Бог раскрыл вину ваших слуг. Теперь мы рабы моего Господа - мы сами и тот, кто был найден, чтобы иметь чашу.» (Быт. 44:16). Они видят в этом наказание от Бога из-за того, как они относились к нему! Иуда, тот, кто придумал план продать Иосифа в рабство, теперь готов быть порабощенным, чтобы Вениамин мог освободиться! Это настоящее покаяние. В этот момент Иосиф не мог больше сдерживаться. (Быт. 45) Присутствие его братьев и их покаяние и горе заставили его плакать. Он разослал своих слуг и открыл себя своим братьям. По крайней мере, он начал говорить с ними на ивритском языке. Они были ошеломлены! Этот египетский чиновник говорил на их родном языке, и более странно он утверждал, что был их братом, который был продан в рабство. Его братья не смогли ответить ему, потому что они были в ужасе от его присутствия. Затем Иосиф сказал своим братьям: «Подойди ко мне» Когда они сделали это, он сказал:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">«“Иосиф сказал братьям: – Я – Иосиф! Жив ли еще мой отец? Но братья ничего не могли ответить – так они были ошеломлены. Тогда Иосиф сказал братьям: – Подойдите же ко мне. И когда они подошли, он сказал: – Я – ваш брат Иосиф, которого вы продали в Египет! Но не тревожьтесь и не обвиняйте больше себя за то, что продали меня сюда: это Бог послал меня перед вами для спасения вашей жизни. Уже два года, как в стране голод, и еще пять лет не будет ни пахоты, ни жатвы. Но Бог послал меня перед вами, чтобы сохранить ваш род на земле и великим избавлением спасти ваши жизни. Итак, не вы послали меня сюда, но Бог: Он сделал меня отцом фараону, господином над всем его домом и правителем всего Египта.» (Быт. 45: 3-8).</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">В этом тексте есть некоторые из самых красивых утверждений в Писании. Братья были в ужасе! «Мы продали его в рабство, и теперь он держит нашу жизнь в своих руках!» Ранее он посадил их в тюрьму на три дня (а не на три десятилетия, как это произошло из-за того, что они продали его в рабство). Он говорит им: « Бог послал меня перед вами для спасения вашей жизни.» Иосиф может взглянуть на свою жизнь и увидеть руку Бога во всех этих несчастных событиях. Бог послал его в Египет, чтобы спасти жизни. Бог знал о грядущем голоде и человеке, который понадобится, чтобы справиться с этим. Он выбрал Иосифа, даже если эта подготовка означала рабство и тюремное заключение. Иосиф научился управлять домашним хозяйством, тюрьмой, а затем страной. Что бы ни думали братья, Иосиф видел Божью руку во всем этом. Он простил их. Дважды Иосиф говорит: «Бог послал меня впереди тебя». Иосиф понимает, что Бог все время контролировал. Иосиф также видит, какова цель Бога в послании его, подготовив его, чтобы спасти жизни. Голод убил бы, но Божья цель в отправке Иосифа в Египет состояла в том, чтобы спасти жизни. Он прояснил это, сказав: «Чтобы сохранить ваш род на земле и великим избавлением спасти ваши жизни» (Быт. 45: 7). Божий план отправки Иосифа в Египет состоял в том, чтобы спасти жизни в целом, а также для спасения племен и народа Израиля, а также жизни его братьев. Бог достиг своих целей в жизни Иосифа, чтобы превратить его из избаловленного ребенка в милостивого, прощающего, могущественного человека! Он был вторым только после фараона и его можно было назвать «отцом для фараона» Иосиф смог привести свою семью в Египет. Они смогли занять красивый участок земли. У них было 66 человек, когда они вошли в Египет, и у них было почти два миллиона, когда они уехали в Исход. Я не отдал должное этой истории. Вы должны прочитать это сами. Есть так много деталей и такой драматический набор историй. Это замечательная литература, но это также правда. Эта история учит нас тому, что существует надлежащее подчинение Божьему суверенному контролю. Иосиф научился подчиняться Богу, но он также не впал в отчаяние и не сидел и шутил. Он работал в каждом месте, чтобы расти в своих способностях и заслужить милость своего мастера. Он перешел от управления одним имуществом или плантацией к управлению королевской тюрьмой и управлял всей землей Египта. На каждом этапе своего путешествия он, кажется, узнал, как не обвинять кого-то другого или размышлять о мести. Похоже, он сосредоточился на следующем наборе задач, а не стал горьким. Он также научился быть смиренным и подчиняться земному мастеру. Тот, кто носил богато украшенную одежду в детстве, научился быть покорным и мудрым рабом. (Он тоже научился контролировать свой язык!) В конце концов он снова носил декоративные одежды как египетский принц. Он научился управлять и владеть. Из истории Иосифа мы узнаем, как «Мы знаем, что Бог все обращает во благо для тех, кто любит Его и кого Он призвал по Своему замыслу.» (Рим. 8:28). Если мы сможем, как Иосиф, реагировать на сложные обстоятельства и узнавать, что Бог имеет для нас, мы будем успевать и станем мудрыми. В конечном итоге эта жизнь является лишь временным состоянием. Мы вечные существа, предназначенные для пребывания с Богом на небесах. То, что у нас есть или позиции, которые мы занимаем, являются только временными. Вы не то, что у вас есть. Вы не тот титул, который вы держите. Вы - дитя Бога. Вы его избранный. Вы его любимый. Никакие изменения на Земле не могут изменить эти вещи. Владеете ли вы особняком или вообще ничего? Являетесь ли вы возвышенным профессором или врачом? Являетесь ли вы президентом или государственным деятелем? В конце концов вы - дитя Божье, и это стоит больше, чем любой другой титул, честь или владение.</span></p>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-49462030354125087302022-09-19T20:24:00.001-07:002022-09-19T20:24:41.390-07:00In Job's Balances<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2IWamA1AOz2n5Xy1TDtw7QgRV-qCu4-ye1G9OOrgn8yC_NTMGFk2wC1bq7RGq0rW8Lp79v4XIV29-Lgw9qlpb86KOeZg1pVyheXDCbtfcTHjh9UWwVS7XbwZEM7GYeJOm7iKPUDqQv4D3kOnxkp3hMcEUlxj9meyCbYgw49TbNN-XAqKHAPjbVSOPaA" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="430" data-original-width="397" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2IWamA1AOz2n5Xy1TDtw7QgRV-qCu4-ye1G9OOrgn8yC_NTMGFk2wC1bq7RGq0rW8Lp79v4XIV29-Lgw9qlpb86KOeZg1pVyheXDCbtfcTHjh9UWwVS7XbwZEM7GYeJOm7iKPUDqQv4D3kOnxkp3hMcEUlxj9meyCbYgw49TbNN-XAqKHAPjbVSOPaA" width="222" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p>Job and suffering</p><br />I wrote my Master’s thesis about Lev Isaakovich Shvartsman or Lev Shestov. Lev Shestov was a secular Jewish philosopher who lived at the end of the 19th century and until the middle of the 20th century. Shestov suffered persecution as a Jew in Kiev, which was then a part of Russia, but is now a part of Ukraine. He had written his doctorate in law at the faculty in Kiyv, but it was not accepted. So, he was not allowed to practice law. Throughout his life he taught various subjects in philosophy and the history of philosophy. He wrote many books. His writing style was aphoristic, that is it was composed of short statements or perhaps sections as long as a few pages. His style was similar to that of Friedrich Nietzsche, the German philosopher, or Soren Kierkegaard, the Danish philosopher. I mention this because he developed similar thoughts to those of Kierkegaard, though he only discovered Kierkegaard’s writing late in life.<br /><br />One of Shestov’s themes was God’s sovereignty and his ineffability, that is our inability to grasp God as he is. In his books Athens and Jerusalem, Sola Fide and In Job’s balances, Shestov championed a God of mercy and grace who was at the same time inscrutable to humans. Shestov was deeply influenced also by the French philosopher, Blaise Pascal, who also wrote in aphoristic style. Pascal was a Christian apologist, a defender of Reformed ideas and biblical truth. Pascal’s concern was to respond to Roman Catholic thinkers, who were demeaning Reformed or Augustinian ideas. Augustinianism was a movement among reformation minded Roman Catholics at the time Pascal lived. Shestov wanted to defend what he considered to be biblical truths: God is sovereign, man is finite and limited, God is compassionate, God can do anything (any miracle he wants) and other ideas.<br /><br />Shestov was answering Baruch or Benedict Spinoza, the Dutch Jewish philosopher, and Georg W.F. Hegel, the German philosopher. Spinoza and Hegel believed that everything is one and is in God. This is a form of pantheism or panentheism. It is not biblical. Shestov, like Kierkegaard championed the individual as opposed to the whole, or a panentheistic unity of all things. This is important because Shestov wanted to uphold the right of the individual to exist as separate from God, yet loved by God.<br /><br />Many thinkers throughout the ages have tried to incorporate individual people into a larger whole (like panentheism). In most cases these thinkers have tried to say that we have no right to complain to God. All that occurs occurs because God (or the whole) wills it so. “non ridere, non lugere neque detestari sed intelligere” Spinoza wrote “Do not weep, do not mourn, do not complain, but understand.” Spinoza is emphasizing that God is in control, but Spinoza’s god is an inexorable force, not a personal God like the biblical God. Spinoza like the Stoic philosophers before him focused on fate. Stoic philosophers in ancient Greece (Zeno of Citium) and Rome (Sextus Empiricus, Seneca, Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius) felt that an individual should not express emotion, but master emotion by use of their reason saying that things are as they must be.<br /><br />Though Shestov was influenced by some Reformed theologians and others, he championed the right of people to complain. He felt that this sort of squelching of emotion was unbiblical. This is important because some Protestant theologians were deeply influenced by Stoic thinkers, especially Epictetus and Seneca. Sometimes we are given the impression that if we complain or cry or mourn we are not being submissive to God and that it is best to submit to our fate. Shestov emphasized that we should complain and lament to God. He emphasized a biblical God who was the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. God was not the god of the whole, but the God of individuals. Shestov focused on Job to say that Job was right to complain and mourn. Job was right to ask God to hear his case. Sitting silently and remaining dispassionate while accepting ones fate was not a biblical approach.<br /><br />The Book of Job is perhaps the oldest book of the Bible, at least according to some scholars. The topic or problematic of the Book of Job is probably the oldest puzzle humanity faces: where is God when I am suffering? There are some other ancient books which show the same theme. Suffering is probably the hardest thing all humans face. Struggling to understand how a good God can allow innocent suffering is probably the greatest apologetic task for Christians apologists and theologians. Shestov was also influenced by Fyodor Dostoevsky who dealt with this same theme in his novel, The Brothers Karamazov.<br /><br />The structure of the Book of Job is interesting. There are three chapters, 1 & 2 and 42, which serve as introduction and conclusion. Job does not know about the calling of the heavenly court or God’s comments to the devil. (Job 1:8) He suffers first the loss of his wealth, then the loss of his children and finally the loss of his health. (Job 2:3, 4) The first two and the last chapters help us understand what Job goes through and to understand God’s response to him and his “comforters”. We have the advantage of knowing that God was testing Job. God asks Satan, “Have you considered my servant, Job?” God initiates the testing. This is hard for us to understand, but God appears to be testing Job’s righteousness. Job, as I have said. didn’t know anything about this conversion with Satan or the following one.<br /><br />Job had some friends who came to him to sit Shiva. Sitting Shiva is a Jewish custom of mourning. When someone dies you go and sit for seven days with those who have lost their loved one. Shiva in Hebrew means seven. There is a joke about Job’s “comforters” that the best thing that they did was sit for seven days in silence. Once they started to talk they began to accuse him of wrong doing and pushed him to confess the “sin” he had done. Job steadfastly refused to admit that he had done anything to deserve the suffering. The scripture says that “Job “did not sin by charging God with wrongdoing.” (Job 1:22) The theology of his friends emphasized obedience and reward, disobedience and punishment. They could not comprehend innocent suffering. Many of these friends spend a lot of time trying to make a case that Job surely must have sinned. He spends most of the book denying that he has sinned and asking to appear before God to make the case for his innocence. Sometimes our “friends” also try to understand our suffering by trying to convince us that we must have done something wrong to deserve it. It is more comfortable for some people to be able to blame the sufferer for the suffering than to sit silently and admit that there is no answer. Sometimes we don’t know why we suffer. For instance, when a person gets a diagnosis of cancer and dies, there may be no obvious cause. Sometimes, by contrast, there is a life long habit of smoking cigarettes that leads to lung cancer. At other times there is no real reason, other than a hereditary factor like genetic disposition. We sometimes hurt people deeply when we try to figure out why they suffer. We can’t easily resolve this question.<br /><br />Some people resort to denying God’s existence. They reason that there can be no good God, if there is evil and suffering in the world. As I said Dostoevsky wrestles with this in the Brother Karamazov. The older brother, Ivan, takes this path. Innocent suffering means there is no God and no reason in the universe. Shestov tries to find a middle ground which he believes is biblical: God is sovereign and individual people suffer. He also maintains that God is good and loving. He emphasizes that God’s ways are sometimes inscrutable for us as humans, but that God still loves us. Despite the testing God loved Job. Perhaps we can be so bold as to say because God loved Job he tested Job. In 1 Peter 1:7 Peter tells early Christians, who were suffering under Roman persecution, “These [trials] have come so that the proven genuineness of your faith—of greater worth than gold, which perishes even though refined by fire—may result in praise, glory and honor when Jesus Christ is revealed.” Job lived a long time before Jesus, but the God of Job is also the God of Jesus. The clear theme of the book of Job is that God tests those he loves to perfect their faith. Job’s friends were so busy trying to get him to confess to some sin he hadn’t done that they didn’t understand that what happened to Job was a test. Job’s own wife fell into the category of those who see innocent suffering as a reason to deny the existence and or goodness of God. She says, “Curse God and die!” (Job 2:9) Perhaps she was driven to say this by the death of her children, but her response was “foolish”, that is unwise and unbiblical. (Job 2:10) Job didn’t do either. He didn’t admit to a sin that he hadn’t committed nor did he deny God’s ultimate goodness. He was, though, utterly confused and torn apart by the events. He did mourn. He did cry. He did complain. And he was right to do so.<br /><br />When we suffer we have the right to complain, cry and mourn. God is big enough to stand our emotional reactions. He can deal with our genuine feelings. Finally after 35 chapters of his friends’ insistent claims that he had sinned and should confess and his own refusal to admit sin and his asking to see God his accuser, God begins to answer:<br /><br />38 Then the Lord spoke to Job out of the storm. He said:<br />2 “Who is this that obscures my plans with words without knowledge? 3 Brace yourself like a man; I will question you, and you shall answer me.<br /><br />After all of the previous debate, God asks Job a rhetorical question. The basic question is: Who are you to accuse me? What God is saying to Job is that Job’s perspective is too limited to understand what God is trying to do. God is not saying that his reason is illogical or even ultimately inscrutable. He emphasizes to Job that Job as a man cannot see things as God does. God then goes on and lays out for Job the miracles he has done.God has created the world and the universe. God has laid the foundations of the earth. God has created all animals and other living things. Where was Job when God did these things? Does Job know how God did these things? In a sense God dazzles Job with all the miraculous things he has done. Finally in chapter 40 Job responds to God by saying: <br /><br />40 The Lord said to Job:<br />2 “Will the one who contends with the Almighty correct him? Let him who accuses God answer him!”<br />3 Then Job answered the Lord:<br />4 “I am unworthy—how can I reply to you? I put my hand over my mouth. 5 I spoke once, but I have no answer— twice, but I will say no more.”<br />6 Then the Lord spoke to Job out of the storm:<br />7 “Brace yourself like a man; I will question you, and you shall answer me.<br />8 “Would you discredit my justice? Would you condemn me to justify yourself?<br /><br />Job had not sinned when he lost his wealth, children and health. God does not accuse Job of doing anything to deserve the punishment. However, God takes Job to task for overstepping his place. Job wants to understand everything as God does and this is not possible. God accuses Job of wanting to discredit God’s justice. God says that Job wishes to condemn God to justify himself. Notice that God does not say that Job is being punished. God is not saying that Job deserves the suffering. God is saying to Job that he is incapable of understanding God’s greater plan. This doesn’t mean that he cannot understand anything. What God is saying is that there are somethings we just can’t understand. We can trust him because we know him and we know that he is good, even when there are times that we cannot understand what he is doing.<br /><br />42 Then Job replied to the Lord:<br />2 “I know that you can do all things; no purpose of yours can be thwarted. 3 You asked, ‘Who is this that obscures my plans without knowledge?’ Surely I spoke of things I did not understand, things too wonderful for me to know.<br />4 “You said, ‘Listen now, and I will speak; I will question you, and you shall answer me.’ 5 My ears had heard of you but now my eyes have seen you. 6 Therefore I despise myself and repent in dust and ashes.”<br /><br />In the last chapter Job admits several things. First God is sovereign. “No purpose of yours can be thwarted.” Secondly he admits that he does not know enough to make sense of everything which is happening to him. Thirdly he also admits that God has done many miraculous things. Finally Job admits that he should not have accused God. Job repents not so much for what he said, the weeping, the mourning and the complaining, but for claiming to be able to understand all that God is doing.<br /><br />Interestingly immediately after this confession of Job’s, God condemns his friends who were trying to get him to admit to doing wrong and so deserving the punishment. God says to Eliphaz:<br /><br />7 I am angry with you and your two friends, because you have not spoken the truth about me, as my servant Job has. 8 So now take seven bulls and seven rams and go to my servant Job and sacrifice a burnt offering for yourselves. My servant Job will pray for you, and I will accept his prayer and not deal with you according to your folly. You have not spoken the truth about me, as my servant Job has.”<br /><br />So even though Job has wrongly accused God, in some ways, he has spoken the truth: he had not sinned. Job then acts as a priest before God for his friends. Though they had accused him, Job prays for them.<br /><br />In the end God restores job’s wealth, his family and his health. Lev Shestov understood the Bible to be saying that God gave back the same seven sons and three daughters who had died when the storm collapsed the ceiling of the home they were meeting in. This may seem weird to us, but it is possible to translate one phrase “he restored his fortunes” to mean “he restored his captives” [from satan and death]. In some places in the Psalms this phrase clearly means “restore ones fortunes” and at other times it means “restores ones captives”. (Job 42:10 וַֽיהוָ֗ה שָׁ֚ב אֶת־שְׁב֣יּת Kathib שְׁבִית [fortunes] Qere שְׁב֣וּת [captivity, captives]) Shestov’s assertion is that the Sovereign God is able to resurrect the dead. Nothing is impossible for God, even what seems irrational to us. Shestov also championed the virgin birth of Jesus and the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. All who die will one day be resurrected. Some will be resurrected to eternal judgment in hell and some to eternal bliss in heaven. We may not understand today’s suffering. You may be an innocent sufferer. However, we do know that God is good despite bad times and awful things happening. Evil men do evil things. But God is at work to bring good out of these evil things. In Romans 8:28 Paul tells us: “And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who[ have been called according to his purpose.”<br /><br />We have a right to cry, to complain and to mourn. God will hear us. He may not give us the answer we seek, but he will work in the situation for our good. We may not see that reward in this life, but we will understand eventually when we come face to face with him as Job did.<br /><br />Notes<br /><br />Job 42:10<br />The Westminster Leningrad Codex<br /><br />10 וַֽיהוָ֗ה שָׁ֚ב ׳אֶת־שְׁבִית׳ ״אֶת־שְׁב֣וּת״<br /><br />Psalm 126:1, 4 (NKJV)<br />When the LORD brought back the captivity of Zion,<br /><br />Bring back our captivity, O LORD,<br /><br />Psalm 126:1, 4 (NIV)<br />When the LORD restored the fortunes of Zion,<br />1 Or LORD brought back the captives to<br /><br />4. Restore our fortunes, LORD,<br /> Or Bring back our captives<br /><br />BHS (Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia)<br />Псалтирь 126: 1, 4<br /><br />בְּשׁ֣וּב יְ֭הוָה אֶת־שִׁיבַ֣ת צִיֹּ֑ון <br /><br />שׁוּבָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה אֶת־שְׁבִותֵ֑נוּ*<br /><br />4 a ℭ (Cairo Geniza - 19c) mlt Mss ut Qere, Kethib nonn Mss שְׁבוּ׳<br />many manuscripts as the “Read” in the margin of the Hebrew Bible, “what is written” in the Hebrew text as well as several manuscripts<br /><br />BHS apparatus<br />Kethib שְׁבוּתֵנוּ Qere שְׁבִיתֵ֑נוּ<div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>+++++++++++++++</div><div><br /></div><div><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Йов и страдания</p></div><div><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Я писал магистерскую диссертацию о Льве Исааковиче Шварцмане или Льве Шестове. Лев Шестов — еврейский (светский еврей) философ, живший в конце 19 века и до середины 20 века. Шестов преследовался как еврей в Киеве, который тогда был частью России, а теперь является частью Украины. Он написал докторскую диссертацию на юридическом факультете в Киеве, но ее не приняли. Таким образом, ему не разрешили заниматься юридической практикой. На протяжении всей своей жизни он преподавал различные предметы философии и истории философии. Он написал много книг. Его стиль письма был афористичным, то есть он состоял из коротких утверждений или, возможно, разделов длиной в несколько страниц. Его стиль был похож на стиль Фридриха Ницше, немецкого философа, или Серена Кьеркегора, датского философа. Я упомянул об этом, потому что у него возникли мысли, сходные с мыслями Кьеркегора, хотя он открыл для себя творчество Кьеркегора только в позднем возрасте. Одной из тем Шестова было всевластие (суверенитет) Бога и Его невыразимость (непостижимость), то есть наша неспособность постичь Бога таким, какой Он есть. В своих книгах «Афины и Иерусалим», «Sola Fide» и «На весах Иова» Шестов отстаивал Бога милосердия и благодати, который был в то же время непостижим для людей. Глубокое влияние на Шестова оказал также французский философ Блез Паскаль, также писавший в афористическом стиле. Паскаль был христианским апологетом, защитником реформатских идей и библейской истины. Забота Паскаля заключалась в том, чтобы ответить римско-католическим мыслителям, которые принижали реформатские или августинские идеи. Августинианство было движением среди католиков, настроенных на реформацию, во времена Паскаля. Шестов хотел защищать то, что он считал библейскими истинами: Бог суверенен, человек конечен и ограничен, Бог сострадателен, Бог может все (любое чудо пожелает) и другие идеи. Шестов отвечал Баруху или Бенедикту Спинозе, голландско-еврейскому философу, и Георгу В.Ф. Гегель, немецкий философ. Спиноза и Гегель считали, что все едино и находится в Боге. Это форма пантеизма или панэнтеизма. Это не библейское. Шестов, как и Кьеркегор, отстаивал единичное в противоположность целому или пантеистическое единство всех вещей. Это важно, потому что Шестов хотел отстаивать право личности на существование отдельной от Бога, но любимой Богом. Многие мыслители на протяжении веков пытались объединить отдельных людей в большее целое (подобно пантеизму). В большинстве случаев эти мыслители пытались сказать, что мы не имеем права жаловаться Богу. Все, что происходит, происходит потому, что так хочет Бог (или целое). «<i>non ridere, non lugere neque detestari, sed intelligere</i>», — писал Спиноза, — «Не плачьте, не скорбите, не жалуйтесь, но поймите». Спиноза подчеркивает, что у Бога все под контролем, но бог Спинозы — это неумолимая сила. Спиноза, как и философы-стоики до него, сосредоточился на судьбе. Философы-стоики в Древней Греции (Зенон Китиум) и Риме (Секст Эмпирик, Сенека, Марк Аврелий) считали, что человек не должен выражать эмоции, а должен управлять эмоциями, используя свой разум, говоря, что вещи такие, какими они должны быть. Хотя на Шестова оказали влияние некоторые реформатские и другие богословы, он отстаивал право людей жаловаться. Он чувствовал, что такое подавление эмоций было небиблейским. Это важно, потому что некоторые протестантские богословы находились под сильным влиянием мыслителей-стоиков, особенно Эпиктета и Сенеки. Иногда у нас создается впечатление, что, если мы жалуемся, плачем или скорбим, мы не покоряемся Богу и что лучше всего подчиниться своей судьбе. Шестов подчеркивал, что мы должны жаловаться и оплакивать Бога. Он подчеркивал библейского Бога, который был Богом Авраама, Исаака и Иакова. Бог был не богом целого, а Богом отдельных личностей (отдельныx лиц). Шестов сосредоточился на Иове, чтобы сказать, что Иов был прав, когда жалуется и скорбит. Иов был прав, когда просил Бога выслушать его дело. Сидеть молча и оставаться бесстрастным, принимая свою судьбу, не было библейским подходом. Книга Иова, возможно, самая древняя книга Библии, по крайней мере, по мнению некоторых ученых. Тема или проблематика Книги Иова, вероятно, является древнейшей загадкой, с которой сталкивается человечество: где Бог, когда я страдаю? Есть и другие древние книги, посвященные той же теме. Страдания, пожалуй, самое тяжелое, с чем мы сталкиваемся. Попытка понять, как добрый Бог может допустить невинные страдания, вероятно, является величайшей апологетической задачей христианских апологетов и богословов. На Шестова также оказал влияние Федор Достоевский, который затронул эту же тему в своем романе «Братья Карамазовы».<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Структура Книги Иова интересна. Есть три главы, 1 и 2 и 42, которые служат <span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;">держателями (поставками) ?? для книг</span>. Иов не знает ни о призвании небесного суда, ни о Божьих комментариях дьяволу. (Иов 1:8)<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Сначала он страдает только от потери своего имущества, затем от потери своих детей и, наконец, от потери своего здоровья. (Иов 2:3, 4)<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Первые две и последняя главы помогают нам понять, через что проходит Иов, и понять реакцию Бога на него и его «утешителей». У нас есть преимущество в том, что мы знаем, что Бог испытывал Иова. Бог спрашивает сатану: «Обратил ли ты внимание на моего раба Иова?» Бог <span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;">инициирует<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span> испытания. Нам трудно это понять, но Бог, похоже, испытывает праведность Иова. Иов, как я уже сказал, ничего не знал ни об этом обращении к сатане, ни о последующем. У Иова было несколько друзей, которые пришли к нему посидеть <span class="s2" style="font-size: 15px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">«</span>Шивой». Сидящий Шива — еврейский обычай траура. Когда кто-то умирает, вы идете и сидите семь дней с теми, кто потерял любимого человека. Шива на иврите означает семь. Об «утешителях» Иова есть анекдот, что лучшее, что они сделали, это просидели семь дней в тишине. Как только они начали говорить, они начали обвинять его в неправильном поступке и подтолкнули его к признанию в «грехе», который он должен был сделать. Иов упорно отказывался признать, что он сделал что-либо, чтобы заслужить страдания. В Священном Писании говорится, что Иов «не согрешил, обвиняя Бога в неправоте». (Иов 1:22)<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Богословие его друзей подчеркивало послушание и награду, непослушание и наказание. Они не могли понять невинных страданий. Многие из этих друзей проводят много времени, пытаясь доказать, что Иов, несомненно, согрешил. Большую часть книги он отрицает, что согрешил, и просит предстать перед Богом, чтобы доказать свою невиновность. Иногда наши «друзья» также пытаются понять наши страдания, пытаясь убедить нас в том, что мы, должно быть, сделали что-то не так, чтобы заслужить их. Некоторым людям удобнее иметь возможность обвинить в страданиях страдальца, чем молча сидеть и признавать, что ответа нет. Иногда мы не знаем, почему мы страдаем. Например, когда у человека диагностируют рак и он умирает, очевидной причины может не быть. Иногда существует пожизненная привычка курить сигареты, которая приводит к раку легких. В других случаях реальной причины нет, кроме наследственного фактора, такого как генетическая предрасположенность. Иногда мы глубоко раним людей, когда пытаемся понять, почему они страдают. Мы не можем легко решить этот вопрос.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">С другой стороны некоторые люди прибегают к отрицанию существования Бога. Они рассуждают, что не может быть доброго Бога, если в мире есть зло и страдания. Как я уже сказал, Достоевский борется с этим в «Брате Карамазове». По этому пути идет старший брат Иван. Невинное страдание означает, что во вселенной нет ни Бога, ни разума. Шестов пытается найти золотую середину, которую он считает библейской: Бог всевластен (суверен), а отдельные люди страдают. Он также утверждает, что Бог добрый и любящий. Он подчеркивает, что Божьи пути иногда непостижимы для нас, людей, но Бог по-прежнему любит нас. Несмотря на испытание, Бог любил Иова. Возможно, мы осмелимся сказать, что, поскольку Бог любил Иова, Он испытал Иова. В 1 Петра 1:7 Петр говорит ранним христианам, которые страдали от римских преследований:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-size: 15px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s3" style="font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>7 </sup></span>Ведь через такие страдания доказывается подлинность вашей веры, что ценнее золота (которое хоть и испытывается огнем, но все равно не вечно), чтобы она принесла вам похвалу, славу и честь, когда явится Иисус Христос.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Иов жил задолго до Иисуса, но Бог Иова также является Богом Иисуса. Ясная тема заключается в том, что Бог испытывает тех, кого любит, чтобы усовершенствовать их веру. Друзья Иова были так заняты, пытаясь заставить его признаться в каком-то грехе, которого он не совершал, что не поняли, что то, что случилось с Иовом, было испытанием. Собственная жена Иова попала в категорию тех, кто видит в невинных страданиях причину отрицать существование и/или благость Бога. Она говорит: «Прокляни Бога и умри!» Возможно, на это ее побудила смерть ее детей, но ее ответ был «глупым», то есть неразумным и небиблейским. Йов тоже не справился. Он не признал греха, которого не совершал, и не отрицал конечной благости Бога. Однако он был совершенно сбит с толку и раздавлен событиями. <span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;">Он оплакивал. Он плакал</span>. Он жаловался. И он был прав, делая это.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Когда мы страдаем, у нас есть право жаловаться, плакать и скорбеть. Бог достаточно велик, чтобы выдержать наши эмоциональные реакции. Он может справиться с нашими искренними чувствами Наконец, после 35 глав настойчивых заявлений его друзей о том, что он согрешил и должен исповедоваться, и его собственного отказа признать грех и его просьб о встрече с Богом, Бог начинает отвечать:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;">38 Тогда Господь ответил Иову из бури. Он сказал:</p><p class="p4" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>2 </sup></span>–<span class="s5" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Кто ты, что Мой замысел омрачаешь словами,<br /> в которых нет знания?<br /><span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>3 </sup></span>Препояшь себя, как мужчина;<br /> Я буду спрашивать, а ты отвечай.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">После всех предыдущих дебатов Бог задает Иову риторический вопрос. Основной вопрос: Кто ты такой, чтобы обвинять меня? Бог говорит Иову, что взгляд Иова слишком ограничен, чтобы понять, что Бог пытается сделать. Бог не говорит, что его разум нелогичен или даже непостижим. Он подчеркивает Иову, что Иов как человек не может видеть вещи так, как видит Бог. Затем Бог продолжает и рассказывает Иову о чудесах, которые он совершил. Бог заложил основания земли. Бог создал мир и вселенную. Бог создал всех животных и других живых существ. Где был Иов, когда Бог делал все это? Знает ли Иов, как Бог сделал это? В некотором смысле Бог ослепляет Иова всеми чудесами, которые он совершил. Наконец, в главе (39 & 40 NRT) Иов говорит:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">39 <span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>31 </sup></span>Господь сказал Иову:</p><p class="p4" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>32 </sup></span>–<span class="s5" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Тебе ли, спорщик, наставлять Всемогущего?<br /> Пусть обвиняющий Бога Ему ответит!</p><p class="p4" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>33 </sup></span>Тогда Иов ответил Господу:</p><p class="p4" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>34 </sup></span>–<span class="s5" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Я столь ничтожен – как я Тебе отвечу?<br /> Руку свою кладу на уста.<br /><span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>35 </sup></span>Я говорил однажды – больше не буду продолжать,<br /> говорил дважды – но теперь умолкну.</p><p class="p6" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;">40 И Господь сказал Иову из бури:</p><p class="p4" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>2 </sup></span>–<span class="s5" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Препояшь себя, как мужчина;<br /> Я буду спрашивать, а ты отвечай.</p><p class="p4" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>3 </sup></span>Опровергнешь ли ты Мой суд?<br /> Обвинишь ли Меня, чтобы себя оправдать?</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Иов не согрешил, когда потерял свое богатство, детей и здоровье. Бог не обвиняет Иова в том, что он заслужил наказание. <span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;">Однако Бог наказывает Иова за то, что он переступил через свое место</span>. Иов хочет понимать все так, как это делает Бог, а это невозможно. Бог обвиняет Иова в желании дискредитировать Божью справедливость. Бог говорит, что Иов хочет осудить Бога, чтобы оправдать себя. Обратите внимание, что Бог не говорит, что Иов наказан. Бог не говорит, что Иов заслуживает страданий. Бог говорит Иову, что он не способен понять более великий Божий план. Это не значит, что он ничего не понимает. Бог говорит, что есть вещи, которые мы просто не можем понять. Мы можем доверять ему, потому что знаем его и знаем, что он хороший, даже когда бывают моменты, когда мы не можем понять, что он делает.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;">42 Тогда Иов ответил Господу:</p><p class="p4" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>2 </sup></span>–<span class="s5" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Я знаю: Ты можешь все,<br /> и невозможно противиться Тебе.</p><p class="p4" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>3 </sup></span><i>Ты спросил</i>: «Кто этот невежда, омрачающий Мой замысел?»</p><p class="p7" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"> Да, я говорил о том, чего не понимал,<br /> о делах для меня чудесных, которых я не знал<span class="s6" style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">.</span></p><p class="p8" style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>4 </sup></span><i>Ты сказал</i>: «Внимай Мне, и Я буду говорить;<br /> Я буду спрашивать, а ты отвечай».</p><p class="p7" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>5 </sup></span>Я только слышал о Тебе,<br /> а теперь мои глаза видят Тебя.<br /><span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>6 </sup></span>Поэтому я отступаю<br /> и раскаиваюсь в прахе и пепле.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">В последней главе Иов признает несколько вещей. Bо-первых, Бог суверенен. «Ни одна из твоих целей не может быть сорвана». Во-вторых, он признает, что знает недостаточно, чтобы разобраться во всем, что с ним происходит. В-третьих, он также признает, что Бог совершил много чудесных вещей. Наконец, Иов признает, что ему не следовало обвинять Бога. Иов раскаивается не столько в том, что он сказал, в плаче, скорби и жалобах, сколько в том, что он утверждает, что способен понять все, что делает Бог. Интересно, что сразу же после этого признания Иова Бог осуждает его друзей, которые пытались заставить его признать, что он поступил неправильно и поэтому заслуживает наказания.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Бог говорит:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p4" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>7 …</sup></span><span class="s5" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Я разгневан на тебя и на двух твоих друзей за то, что вы говорили обо Мне не так верно, как Мой слуга Иов. <span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>8 </sup></span>Поэтому возьмите семь молодых быков и семь баранов, пойдите к Моему слуге Иову и принесите за себя жертву всесожжения. Мой слуга Иов помолится о вас, и Я приму Его молитву и не поступлю с вами по вашей глупости. Вы говорили обо Мне не так верно, как Мой слуга Иов.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Таким образом, хотя Иов ошибочно обвинял Бога, в некотором смысле он говорил правду: он не согрешил. Затем Иов действует как священник перед Богом для своих друзей. Хотя они обвиняли его, Иов молится за них. В конце концов, Бог восстанавливает богатство Иова, его семью и здоровье. Шестов понял, что Библия говорит о том, что Бог вернул тех же семерых сыновей и трех дочерей, которые погибли, когда буря обрушила потолок дома, в котором они встречались. Это может показаться нам странным, но одну фразу можно перевести «он (Господь) вернул ему благополучие» означает «он восстановил своих пленников» [от сатаны и смерти]. В некоторых местах Псалмов эта фраза явно означает «возвращать благополучие», а в других случаях — «возвращать пленников». (Иов 42:10 <span class="s7" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">וַֽיהוָ֗ה שָׁ֚ב אֶת־שְׁב֣יּת</span> Катиб שְׁבִית [состояния] Кере <span class="s7" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">שְׁב֣וּת</span> [плен, пленники]) Шестов утверждает, что Бог может воскрешать мертвых. Для Бога нет ничего невозможного, даже то, что нам кажется иррациональным. Шестов также отстаивал непорочное зачатие Иисуса и воскресение Иисуса из мертвых. Все, кто умрет, однажды воскреснут. Некоторые будут воскрешены для вечного суда в аду, а некоторые — для вечного блаженства на небесах. Мы можем не понимать сегодняшних страданий. Вы можете быть невинным страдальцем. Однако мы знаем, что Бог добр, несмотря на плохие времена и происходящие ужасные вещи. Злые люди творят злые дела. Но Бог работает над тем, чтобы извлечь добро из этих злых вещей. В Послании к Римлянам 8:28 Павел говорит нам:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p9" style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s4" style="font-size: 10.7px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>28 </sup></span>Мы знаем, что Бог все обращает во благо для тех, кто любит Его и кого Он призвал по Своему замыслу<span class="s6" style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">У нас есть право плакать, жаловаться и скорбеть. Бог услышит нас. Он</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>может не дать нам ответа, который мы ищем, но он будет работать в этой ситуации для нашего блага. Мы можем не увидеть этой награды в этой жизни, но в конце концов мы поймем, когда встретимся с ним лицом к лицу, как это произошло с Иовом.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Иов 42:10</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Вестминстерский Ленинградский кодекс</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">10 וַֽיהוָ֗ה שָׁ֚ב ׳אֶת־שְׁבִית׳ ״אֶת־שְׁב֣וּת״</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p10" style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 15.9px;"><b>125 Песнь восхождения. (БХС 126)</b></p><p class="p11" style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;">1. Когда вернул Господь пленных на Сион,<br /> мы были как бы во сне.</p><p class="p8" style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p class="p12" style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s8" style="font-size: 9.3px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>4 </sup></span>Верни нам благополучие, Господи,</p><p class="p13" style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p class="p12" style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Еврейская Библия Штутгартенсия</p><p class="p12" style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Псалтирь 126: 1, 4</p><p class="p13" style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p class="p14" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">בְּשׁ֣וּב<span class="s9" style="font-family: Times; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>יְ֭הוָה<span class="s9" style="font-family: Times; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>אֶת־שִׁיבַ֣ת<span class="s9" style="font-family: Times; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>צִיֹּ֑ון<span class="s9" style="font-family: Times; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></p><p class="p13" style="font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p class="p14" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">שׁוּבָ֣ה<span class="s9" style="font-family: Times; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>יְ֭הוָה<span class="s9" style="font-family: Times; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>אֶת־שְׁבִותֵ֑נוּ<span class="s9" style="font-family: Times; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">*</span></p><p class="p6" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">4 a <span class="s10" style="font-family: "Apple Symbols"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">ℭ</span> mlt Mss ut Qere, Kethib nonn Mss <span class="s5" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">שְׁבוּ׳</span></p><p class="p5" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">many manuscripts as the “Read” in the margin of the Hebrew Bible, “what is written” in the Hebrew text as well as several manuscripts</p><p class="p6" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 19px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">BHS apparatus</p><p class="p14" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s9" style="font-family: Times; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">Kethib </span>שְׁבוּתֵנוּ<span class="s9" style="font-family: Times; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Qere </span>שְׁבִיתֵ֑נוּ</p></div>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-21996893955800661042022-09-17T03:13:00.001-07:002022-09-17T03:18:48.245-07:00Are we allowed to complain to God?<p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd6DgocT5Ibu1I49AMfh4pG-ub4xnwI1VpwIBuvTA3KNpc8leotELZXRmdOaM1YXAgTSqzpI20I70xbl7KHZeJPcpV6W002PQmjNHi_O9rIghBFXkIWtXHx86Q-TKFUAH6L1l4vP1tPjP0gbs9R0wRhgeaeava4c4-ffIkNnqCstP6Dr4GaNv9V5bFZA/s815/Jeremiah%20the%20weeping%20prophet%20Rembrandt%20copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="815" data-original-width="713" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd6DgocT5Ibu1I49AMfh4pG-ub4xnwI1VpwIBuvTA3KNpc8leotELZXRmdOaM1YXAgTSqzpI20I70xbl7KHZeJPcpV6W002PQmjNHi_O9rIghBFXkIWtXHx86Q-TKFUAH6L1l4vP1tPjP0gbs9R0wRhgeaeava4c4-ffIkNnqCstP6Dr4GaNv9V5bFZA/s320/Jeremiah%20the%20weeping%20prophet%20Rembrandt%20copy.png" width="280" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Jeremiah by Rembrandt</span></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p><span style="font-family: Arial;">This is a short sermon which I gave to Ukrainian refugees at the Holy Trinity Baptist Church in Bucharest, Romania 16 September 2022</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Arial;">(The Russian text is below)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Arial;">Biblical text </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">Lamentations 3:1, 2, 7, 8, 17-26</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span class="chapter-1">1. I am the man who has seen affliction</span><br /><span class="indent-1"><span class="indent-1-breaks"> </span><span class="text Lam-3-1">by the rod of the <span class="small-caps" style="font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Lord</span>’s wrath.</span></span><br /><span class="text Lam-3-2" id="en-NIV-20357"><sup class="versenum">2 </sup>He has driven me away and made me walk</span><br /><span class="indent-1"><span class="indent-1-breaks"> </span><span class="text Lam-3-2">in darkness rather than light;</span></span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="indent-1"><span class="text Lam-3-2"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="indent-1"><span class="text Lam-3-2"><span style="font-family: times;"><span class="text Lam-3-7" id="en-NIV-20362"><sup class="versenum">7 </sup>He has walled me in so I cannot escape;</span><br /><span class="indent-1"><span class="indent-1-breaks"> </span><span class="text Lam-3-7">he has weighed me down with chains.</span></span><br /><span class="text Lam-3-8" id="en-NIV-20363"><sup class="versenum">8 </sup>Even when I call out or cry for help,</span><br /><span class="indent-1"><span class="indent-1-breaks"> </span><span class="text Lam-3-8">he shuts out my prayer.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="indent-1" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="text Lam-3-2"><span class="indent-1"><span class="text Lam-3-8"><br /></span></span></span></span></p><div class="poetry top-05"><p class="line"><span class="text Lam-3-17" id="en-NIV-20372"><sup class="versenum">17 </sup>I have been deprived of peace;</span><br /><span class="indent-1"><span class="indent-1-breaks"> </span><span class="text Lam-3-17">I have forgotten what prosperity is.</span></span><br /><span class="text Lam-3-18" id="en-NIV-20373"><sup class="versenum">18 </sup>So I say, “My splendor is gone</span><br /><span class="indent-1"><span class="indent-1-breaks"> </span><span class="text Lam-3-18">and all that I had hoped from the <span class="small-caps" style="font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Lord</span>.”</span></span></p></div><div class="poetry top-05"><p class="line"><span class="text Lam-3-19" id="en-NIV-20374"><sup class="versenum">19 </sup>I remember my affliction and my wandering,</span><br /><span class="indent-1"><span class="indent-1-breaks"> </span><span class="text Lam-3-19">the bitterness and the gall.</span></span><br /><span class="text Lam-3-20" id="en-NIV-20375"><sup class="versenum">20 </sup>I well remember them,</span><br /><span class="indent-1"><span class="indent-1-breaks"> </span><span class="text Lam-3-20">and my soul is downcast within me.</span></span><br /><span class="text Lam-3-21" id="en-NIV-20376"><sup class="versenum">21 </sup>Yet this I call to mind</span><br /><span class="indent-1"><span class="indent-1-breaks"> </span><span class="text Lam-3-21">and therefore I have hope:</span></span></p></div><div class="poetry top-05"><p class="line"><span class="text Lam-3-22" id="en-NIV-20377"><sup class="versenum">22 </sup>Because of the <span class="small-caps" style="font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Lord</span>’s great love we are not consumed,</span><br /><span class="indent-1"><span class="indent-1-breaks"> </span><span class="text Lam-3-22">for his compassions never fail.</span></span><br /><span class="text Lam-3-23" id="en-NIV-20378"><sup class="versenum">23 </sup>They are new every morning;</span><br /><span class="indent-1"><span class="indent-1-breaks"> </span><span class="text Lam-3-23">great is your faithfulness.</span></span><br /><span class="text Lam-3-24" id="en-NIV-20379"><sup class="versenum">24 </sup>I say to myself, “The <span class="small-caps" style="font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Lord</span> is my portion;</span><br /><span class="indent-1"><span class="indent-1-breaks"> </span><span class="text Lam-3-24">therefore I will wait for him.”</span></span></p></div><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="indent-1" style="font-size: 12px;"> </span></p><div class="poetry top-05"><p class="line"><span class="text Lam-3-25" id="en-NIV-20380"><sup class="versenum">25 </sup>The <span class="small-caps" style="font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Lord</span> is good to those whose hope is in him,</span><br /><span class="indent-1"><span class="indent-1-breaks"> </span><span class="text Lam-3-25">to the one who seeks him;</span></span><br /><span class="text Lam-3-26" id="en-NIV-20381"><sup class="versenum">26 </sup>it is good to wait quietly</span><br /><span class="indent-1"><span class="indent-1-breaks"> </span><span class="text Lam-3-26">for the salvation of the <span class="small-caps" style="font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;">Lord</span>.</span></span></p></div><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">You have sorrows. Your land is at war. Your emotions are in turmoil. </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">There are many examples of people in the Bible who have suffered from war or other terrible events. One example is Jeremiah, the great prophet of Israel. Jeremiah lived just before Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, besieged Jerusalem and destroyed it to the ground in 586 BCE. Nebuchadnezzar killed thousands of people and led the royal power of Judea into exile. He took away all the golden objects from the temple. He burned the ruins of the city before leaving to make him a place where no one could live. </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">Jeremiah was told to prophesy of impending death, and therefore he was considered a traitor. He was thrown into the well and left to die. However, God delivered him. In the book of the Lamentations of Jeremiah, Jeremiah mourns the destruction of Jerusalem, the death of so many people and the loss of his former life there in Jerusalem. This cry or lamentation is a prayer. The Bible is full of different types of prayers. Some of them praise, glorifying God as he is, a sovereign God. Some of them are thanksgiving, prayers to thank God for giving us something or helping us. Lamentation is harder. Some laments seem incorrect, but the Bible contains many laments. Job's book is full of laments. He lost his health, his wealth and his family, and he appeals to God in tears. David, king of the Jews, wrote many complaints in psalms. He appealed to God about an unjust treatment, disrespect, that he was deceived. In the same way, here, in the lament of Jeremiah, we see the man of God, appealing to God and mourning his losses and grief. </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">The point of this is to show us that lamenting, mourning or appealing to God in sorrow is not disbelief. God is large enough to stand our lamentations. The Bible does not try to make us pretend that terrible things did not happen, or to pretend that we are happy when terrible things happen to us. You must freely tell God about your feelings. He will hear you. He will answer, although perhaps not as you expect or want. </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">There are no secondary reasons in the Old Testament. I mean that for the Saints of the Old Testament there was no excuse for God for letting them suffer, saying that someone else was responsible for this. We lived in Yugoslavia, Serbia, several years before and during the Bosnian war. We could say that in the war, Ratko Mladic, Slobodan Milosevic and Radovan Karadzic were to blame. In the Old Testament, people believed that God controls everything. If Nebuchadnezzar destroyed Jerusalem, then it was pleasing to God. Thus, complaints and lamentations before God were justified. At the same time, the Bible tells us that God condemned Nebuchadnezzar for his cruelty. </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">In this third chapter, of Lamentations, Jeremiah calls out from the bottom of his heart. He tells God exactly how he feels. He is in deep pain. He does not offer up pious prayers. He lays his heart bare before God. And God is great enough to accept this. Jeremiah sees that what happened to him comes directly from God. Jerusalem rebelled against God and practiced idolatry for a long time. Jeremiah in his prayer depicts God as a warrior, a judge who comes against him to punish him for his sins. He does not deny that he deserves punishment. This seems to us extreme, how could God do such things? Again, in the Old Testament, God is sovereign as a judge and a king. But this is not the end of the story. Although Jeremiah is unhappy and speaks of this to God, in the end, in verse 17 of Chapter 3, he begins to turn his eyes from his problems to his former hope in God. Although it seems that God has forgotten him or, worse, he is the one who punishes him, now He remembers that God is the hope of His salvation, His deliverance from this suffering. </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">“My soul is deprived of the world, I have forgotten about prosperity. And I said: "My greatness and my hope for the Lord have disappeared." The Lamentations of Jeremiah 3: 17-18 New Russian Translation</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">He had not yet passed from his suffering to seeing God, but had already begun to turn his eyes to God. He remembers in the past how he looked to God with hope, with the hope of salvation, for the future. </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">“The memory of this is strong, my soul has fallen. But here is what I say to myself, this is what gives me hope: “The steadfast love of the Lord never ceases, His mercies never come to an end. They are new every morning; Great is Your faithfulness! ”” The Lamentations of Jeremiah 3: 20-23 New Russian Translation </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">And, finally, after 20 verses, he begins to look up to God and remember his former hope in God and in salvation from God. His "powerful memory" of his former faith in God begins to reappear. He remembers the “love of the Lord” or “the grace of the Lord,” which is infinite. Here in the Hebrew text of this passage the word HESED is used. Hesed is God's love for his people, expressed in his covenant with Israel. Whatever they do, no matter how unfaithful they may be, God remained faithful to His covenant with them. He promised to bless them, if they obey, and he promised to punish them, if they disobey. And they disobeyed, and so he punished them. However, he promised that he would never leave them. His Hesed, his Covenant love was forever. </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">There were many people in Israel who could be called "righteous sufferers." They themselves did nothing wrong, but they suffered along with the people. These people were like Job, who did nothing wrong, but still suffered. Jeremiah was among them. In the end, he recalls two things that allow him to endure his pain and look forward to the future. First, God is his portion, his inheritance. In the Old Testament, all 12 patriarchs / tribes of Israel received part of the land when they captured Palestine. The only tribe that did not receive land was the Levites. They were priests. God was their portion, their inheritance. They had an eternal and eternally reliable legacy, God. For many people, a plot of land is an inheritance. This is especially true in an agrarian society. But we know that this world is not eternal. It will pass away. How much better is an inheritance in heaven that cannot be stolen or spoiled? Jeremiah also remembers that his hope of salvation is in God. In the end, we will all die. Our future is not in land, wealth or glory. Our future is safe only in God, In eternal life with Christ. </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">So, some conclusions. First, you can pour out your heart to God and tell him exactly what you feel. He knows everything and he wants you to be honest with him. Secondly, you may well be a righteous sufferer. You may have done nothing wrong to have earned this suffering. You can insist on your innocence in the current conflict. You are not the reason. At the same time, we all know that we have all done wrong. The Bible calls this sin - intentional disobedience against God and actions which are unjust and harmful to others. The Great Hope of the Bible is Jesus, the Son of God, a perfect righteous sufferer. Although Jesus did nothing wrong, He died in our place to pay the price for our sins. The Bible says that no one can pay for their own sins, because we are all sinful. Jesus did not sin and, therefore, was able to offer Himself in our place, to pay our debt. Some may even see a foreshadowing of Jesus in this chapter 3 of the Lamentations of Jeremiah. </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">If we confess our sins and give our lives to Jesus, we will receive an eternal inheritance in heaven that cannot be spoiled or taken from us. If we ask Christ to take our lives, we will become members of His Eternal Kingdom and members of the Covenant Community, where God's Hesed, His Covenant love, will be ours. So, mourn, pour out your pain and grief to God, but also look up, turn to Jesus and find peace, hope and future in God and His love.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">+++++++++++++++++++</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Плач Иеремии 3:1, 2, 7, 8, 17-26 НРП</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Библейский текст</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">“Я человек, испытавший горе от жезла гнева Господа. Он погнал меня и ввел во тьму, а не в свет.”</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">“Окружил меня стеной, чтобы я не мог выйти, заковал меня в тяжелые цепи. Даже когда я взываю и прошу о помощи Он не обращает внимания на мою молитву.”</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">“Лишена душа моя мира я позабыл о благоденствии. И сказал я: «Исчезло величие мое и надежда моя на Господа». Помню лишь о страдании и скитании, во мне лишь горечь и желчь. Сильна память об этом, поникла душа моя. Но вот что говорю я себе, вот что дает мне надежду: «Милость Господа никогда не иссякает, сострадание Его не истощается. Они обновляются каждое утро; велика верность Твоя!» Я сказал себе: «Господь – часть моя, потому я буду надеяться на Него». Благ Господь к тем, кто уповает на Него, к тем, кто ищет Его. Благо тому, кто молча ожидает спасения от Господа.”</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Плач Иеремии 3:1, 2, 7, 8, 17-26 НРП</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">++++++++++++++++++++++++++++</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">У тебя есть печали. Ваша земля находится в состоянии войны. Ваши эмоции обеспокоены. </p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">В Библии есть много примеров людей, которые страдали от войны или других ужасных событий. Одним из примеров является Иеремия, великий пророк Израиля. Иеремия жил как раз перед тем, как Навуходоносор, царь Вавилона, осадил Иерусалим и разрушил его до основания в 586 г. до н.э. Навуходоносор убил тысячи людей и увел в изгнание королевскую власть Иудеи. Он унес все золотые предметы из Храма. Он сжег руины города, прежде чем уйти, чтобы сделать его местом, где никто не сможет жить.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Иеремия было сказано пророчествовать о грядущей гибели, и поэтому его считали предателем. Его бросили в колодец и оставили умирать. Однако Бог избавил его. В книге Плач Иеремии Иеремия оплакивает разрушение Иерусалима, смерть стольких людей и утрату своей прежней жизни там, в Иерусалиме. Этот плач или стенание есть молитва. Библия полна различных видов молитв. Некоторые из них восхваляют, прославляя Бога таким, какой Он есть, Суверенный Бог. Некоторые из них - это благодарения, молитвы, чтобы поблагодарить Бога за то, что он дал нам что-то или помог нам. Плакать тяжелее. Некоторым жалобы кажутся неверными, но в Библии записано много жалоб. Книга Иова полна жалоб. Он потерял свое здоровье, свое богатство и свою семью, и он взывает к Богу в слезах. Давид, царь Иудейский, написал много жалоб в Псалмах. Он взывал к Богу о несправедливом обращении, о неуважении, о том, что его обманули. Точно так же и здесь, в Плачах Иеремии, мы видим человека Божия, взывающего к Богу и оплакивающего свои потери и горе.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Смысл этого в том, чтобы показать нам, что жаловаться, оплакивать или взывать к Богу в печали не является неверием. Бог достаточно велик, чтобы выделиться причитаний. Библия не пытается заставить нас притворяться, что ужасных вещей не случалось, или притворяться, что мы счастливы, когда с нами происходят ужасные вещи. Вы должны свободно говорить Богу о своих чувствах. Он услышит вас. Он ответит, хотя, возможно, не так, как вы ожидаете или хотите.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">В Ветхом Завете нет вторичных причин. Я имею в виду, что для святых Ветхого Завета не было оправдания Богу за то, что он позволил им страдать, сказав, что кто-то другой несет за это ответственность. Мы жили в Югославии, Сербии несколько лет до и во время боснийской войны. Можно сказать, что в войне виноваты, в частности, Ратко Младич, Слободан Милошевич и Радован Караджич. В Ветхом Завете люди верили, что Бог все контролирует. Если Навуходоносор разрушил Иерусалим, то это было угодно Богу. Таким образом, жалобы и стенания перед Богом были оправданы. В то же время Библия говорит нам, что Бог осудил Навуханезара за его жестокость.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">В этой третьей главе Плач Иеремии взывает от всего сердца. Он говорит Богу точно, что он чувствует. Он в глубокой боли. Он не придумывает благочестивых молитв. Он обнажает свое сердце перед Богом. И Бог достаточно велик, чтобы принять это. Иеремия видит, что то, что с ним произошло, исходит непосредственно от Бога. Иерусалим восставал против Бога и долгое время практиковал идолопоклонство. Иеремия в своей молитве изображает Бога как воина, судью, идущего против него, чтобы наказать его за его грехи. Он не отрицает, что заслуживает наказания. Нам его язык кажется крайним, как мог Бог делать такие вещи? Опять же, в Ветхом Завете Бог суверенен как Судья и Царь. Но это не конец истории. Хотя Иеремия несчастен и говорит об этом Богу, в конце концов, в стихе 17 главы 3 он начинает обращать свой взор от своих проблем к своей прежней надежде на Бога. Хотя кажется, что Бог забыл его или, того хуже, тот, кто его наказывает, теперь он помнит, что Бог есть надежда его спасения, его избавления от этого страдания.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">“Лишена душа моя мира я позабыл о благоденствии. И сказал я: «Исчезло величие мое и надежда моя на Господа».”</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Плач Иеремии 3:17-18 НРП</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Он еще не перешел от своих страданий к видению Бога, но уже начал обращать свой взор от себя к Богу. Он помнит в прошлом, как взирал на Бога с надеждой, с надеждой на спасение, на будущее.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">“Сильна память об этом, поникла душа моя. </p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Но вот что говорю я себе, вот что дает мне надежду:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">«Милость Господа никогда не иссякает, </p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">сострадание Его не истощается. </p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Они обновляются каждое утро; велика верность Твоя!»”</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Плач Иеремии 3:20-23 НРП</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">И, наконец, после 20 стихов он начинает взирать на Бога и вспоминать свою прежнюю надежду на Бога и спасение от Бога. Его «Сильна память» о его прежней вере в Бога начинает проявляться. Он помнит «любовь Господа» или «милость Господа», которая бесконечна. Здесь в еврейском тексте этого отрывка используется слово Хесед. Хесед – это любовь Бога к своему народу, выраженная в Его завете с Израилем. Что бы они ни делали, какими бы неверными они ни были, Бог оставался верным Своему Завету с ними. Он обещал благословить их, если они будут подчиняться, и пообещал наказать их, если они ослушаются. И они ослушались, и он наказал их. Однако он пообещал, что никогда не оставит их. Его Хесед, его Заветная Любовь была навеки.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">В Израиле было много людей, которых называют «праведными страдальцами». Сами они ничего плохого не сделали, но пострадали вместе с народом. Эти люди были подобны Иову, который не сделал ничего плохого, но все равно страдал. Иеремия был среди них. В конце концов он вспоминает о двух вещах, которые позволяют ему переносить боль и смотреть вперед в будущее. Во-первых, Бог — его удел. В Ветхом Завете все 12 патриархов Израиля получили часть земли, когда захватили Палестину. Единственным племенем, не получившим земли, были левиты. Это были священники. Их уделом был Бог. У них было вечное и вечно надежное наследие, Бог. Для многих людей участок земли является наследством. Это особенно верно в аграрном обществе. Но мы знаем, что этот мир не вечен. Он проходит. Насколько лучше иметь наследство на небесах, которое нельзя украсть или испортить? Также он помнит, что его надежда на спасение в Боге. В конце концов мы все умрем. Наше будущее не в земле, богатстве или славе. Наше будущее безопасно только в Боге. В вечной жизни со Христом.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Итак, некоторые выводы. Сначала вы можете излить свое сердце Богу и рассказать Ему, что именно вы чувствуете. Он все равно знает и хочет, чтобы вы были честны с Ним. Во-вторых, вы вполне можете быть праведным страдальцем. Возможно, вы не сделали ничего плохого, чтобы заслужить это страдание. Вы можете настаивать на своей невиновности в текущем конфликте. Вы не стали причиной. В то же время все мы знаем, что когда-то мы поступали неправильно. Библия называет этот грех умышленным неповиновением Богу и поступками несправедливыми и вредными для других. Великая надежда Библии — Иисус, Сын Божий, совершенный праведный страдалец. Хотя Иисус не сделал ничего плохого, он умер вместо нас, чтобы заплатить цену за наши грехи. Библия говорит, что никто не может расплачиваться за свои грехи, потому что все мы грешны. Иисус не сделал греха и поэтому смог предложить Себя вместо нас, чтобы оплатить наш долг. Некоторые могут даже увидеть прообразы Иисуса как совершенного праведного страдальца в этой главе 3 Плача Иеремии.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Если мы исповедуем свои грехи и отдадим свою жизнь Иисусу, мы получим вечное наследство на небесах, которое нельзя испортить или отнять у нас. Если мы попросим Христа забрать нашу жизнь, мы станем членами Его вечного Царства и членами сообщества Завета, где Божий Хесед, Его Любовь Завета, будет нашим. Итак, да оплакивайте, изливайте свою боль и горе Богу, но и взгляните вверх, обратитесь к Иисусу и обретите покой, надежду и будущее в Боге и Его любви.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-60457119409095507212022-04-21T15:25:00.004-07:002022-04-21T15:25:59.219-07:00True Manhood<p><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px;">A wag in Florida reacting the testicular tanning craze wrote: “We could designate part of our beaches as NUT (Natural Unrestricted Tanning) Zones”.</span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 9.3px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>1</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px;"> When we lived in Belgrade there was an island in the Danube River called Ada Ciganlia. There was a family friendly beach, and then if you wandered too far you reached the “Naturist” beach ,where the nudists sunbathed.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px;">The nudists tended to be fat, old men.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px;">Maybe their testicular tanning caused Serbs to have a higher testosterone level.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px;">Maybe it led to their tendency to start wars.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Of all the silly ideas about how to bring “real manhood” back, this has to be the most silly.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Of course the sillier idea is that the level of a man’s testosterone level determines whether he is a real man.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The very same video, which announced this miraculous solution, featured “shirtless men throwing around weights, wielding axes, doing pushups and wrestling each other.” Sounds like one of Putin’s birthday videos. How long will we persist in thinking that masculinity has to do with a testosterone level? This means that any man older than 60 is not a man. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The biblical view of manhood has little to do with the American worship of action heroes. What matters in the Bible is not whether a man is “virile”, but whether he follows God with all his heart. A true man submits first to God and then to anyone else, name your favorite politician. A true man’s behavior is measured by the fruit of the Holy Spirit in his life: love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, gentleness and self-control. Gal 5:22 A real man’s relationship to his wife is defined by the Apostle Paul’s admonition: “Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her”. Eph. 5:24 Don’t confuse this with Bruno Mars singing “I’d fall on a grenade for ya.” A woman doesn’t need a man to promise stupid things that he’d never need to do. A woman needs and wants a man who honors her and puts her above himself, just as Christ put the church above himself when he died for her.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Doing chores to help your wife would be more useful than these “masculine” rituals (unless you still heat your house with a wood burning fire).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>A real man is not worried about being seen as “submissive” to his wife.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Before the specific verses<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of instructions to individuals Paul says, “Submit to one another out of reverence for Christ. Eph. 5:20 Those who are quick to assert “male headship” are slow to see how these verses, which follow, define such “headship”. A real man, a true man’s man, should love his wife, be faithful to her and kind to her. He should seek her good above his own. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">If one’s testosterone level and sex is all marriage is about, it has no point past the prime of youth and the propagating of the race. Just as we are humans not merely because we have two eyes, two ears, a nose and mouth, so we are not men merely because our testosterone level is high.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Perhaps the fire has to burn lower for reason to win the battle between stupidity and wisdom.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">A man’s true masculinity can be seen also in his relationship to his children. “Fathers, do not exasperate your children; instead, bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord.” Eph. 6:4 Fathers who are real men do not choose career over their children.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They do not exasperate their children by putting them last of all their priorities.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I truly believe that the reason many people do not accept Christ or that they leave the church is because of the poor example set by their fathers, whether absence in attending church or in abandoning their families/getting divorced and giving in to their desires. A true man’s “virility” is not seen in his conquests, but in his devotion to his family.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">So now, besides taking Viagra, we are encouraged to tan our testicles.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>What a ridiculous idea! Why not take hormone supplements? Probably because this device to tan the testicles costs $1,649.00.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>How much did the host get for his percentage?<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The article we began with also said that the video promoting testicular tanning has “a scene of a naked man tanning his groin in front of an infrared panel of lights as a soaring orchestral rendition of ‘Thus Spake Zarathustra’ plays in the background.” Ah ha, the Blond Beast! I knew Nietzsche was in there somewhere. The Superman! The man who makes the law and doesn’t submit to anyone else’s law. I wonder if Nietzsche tanned his testicles?</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-54521727351778225152022-04-09T15:07:00.001-07:002022-04-21T15:25:01.449-07:00On screeds<p> <span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">Once again I write to my Evangelical brothers and sisters. I am provoked by our nastiness when we engage with those with whom we disagree.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">I am not opposed to the positions being taken. I am pro-life and pro-family.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">I am a straight man who has been monogamously, faithfully married for nearly forty years.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">I have three children and two grandchildren.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">I have “skin in the game.”</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">While I am upset, even deeply troubled, by things that are happening, I am nauseated by how some Evangelical Christians attack those with whom they disagree.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>You may disagree, but having lived through one country I was in going to war and seeing another country I loved attacked, I must ask what is the price we will pay for demonizing others?<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>People may be egregiously wrong.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Their opinions may nauseate us. We certainly have the freedom to work against decisions or legislation we disagree with.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>What troubles me is the extremity of the language being used.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Once we have demonized someone we feel less reason to be civil to them.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Civility is not merely a political convention.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>For a Christian how we talk to others, the names we call them, the invective we use shows whether we are following Christ or not. Paul says that our speech is to be seasoned as with salt. In other words we are not to use harsh language and attack people.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We are to stand for the truth, but part of our truth is that we care for people. We are to love people as Christ loved them, which means we are to love the most unlovely and the most disgusting. Before we received grace we were the same.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Paul says, “And such were some of you…” This phrase follows a list of disgusting sins.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>As Christ has forgiven us, so we are to forgive others.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>As Jesus was dying on the cross, he said, “Forgive them for they do not know what they doing.”</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The attitudes I read in the various tirades I read here are not Christlike.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We are to emulate him and that is harder when we disagree with someone, but neither he nor we should demonize people.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We probably cannot look into the eyes of people we are disagreeing wiith.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>When we read articles in our favorite news source and then excoriate someone we have never met, we hide behind our fortress and do not engage with that person.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The well known theologian Miroslav Volf wrote a book called Exclusion & Embrace. I particularly liked the first half.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Volf engages in a long reflection on the parable of the prodigal son.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He wrote parts of this book during the Bosnian War.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Volf is from Croatia.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He noted that you cannot embrace if you’re holding a gun.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>To put down your gun is risky. You might be shot.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>However, you can’t hug someone if you hide behind your gun and the safety you feel from it.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Volf spent a lot of time talking about the older brother.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In this parable we Evangelical Christians are the older brothers. We are angry and self-righteous.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We may be right, but there is no forgiveness and no redemptive attitude. We don’t seek the salvation of our opponents, just their “destruction”, whether metaphorical or real. (I think, for instance, of the men who are being tried for planning to kidnap the governor of Michigan.) We use violent language and then we wonder why some of us become literally violent.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">As Evangelical Christians we use the argument from the image of God to defend cherished views.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We do so rightly.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Because a fetus in in the image of God, it deserves the right to live.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Because an elderly person suffering from Alzheimer’s without any memory even of their family members is still created in the image of God, he or she deserves to live and not be euthanized.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We are so valiant for this truth that all are created in the image of God, we use it all the time, and rightly.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>However, we don’t see the image of God in our opponents whether theological liberals or political liberals whom we suppose to be anti-Christians.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We don’t see them as human.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They become demons in human form.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">This sort of demonization led to the Srebrnica massacre.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>This sort of demonization led to the current atrocities in Ukraine.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Though not a Christian version of demonization, this sort of demonization led to Syria’s brutal repression of a different sort of Muslim.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Hindu nationalists persecute Christians and burn churches. But how are we different.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Serbs are Orthodox Christians.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They believed that they were fighting for their homeland when they fought for Kosovo.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Many Russians believe that they are freeing Ukraine of “Nazis”. They are also fighting for their homeland (Kievan Rus).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We all have good reasons for our hate. But Jesus says, “Love your enemies! Do good to those who hate you! Pray for those who spitefully use you.” As Christians we do not have the luxury of hating their enemies.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">What are we doing to be winsome towards those we disagree with? I’m not saying take your children to movies you object to. (Some of our Mennonite friends don’t believe in movies at all.) Don’t patronize Disney. Fine! But what are you doing to reach these people for Christ?<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Is your behavior winsome?<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Paul says that we are an aroma of death to life for those who are perishing (dying without knowing Christ) and an aroma of life to life for those who are being saved. Are we a stench or a pleasant odor?<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>When people meet us and leave us, do they say, “What a kind person! That person is so different than I expected them to be!” Or do they say, “What a creep! Such self-righteousness! Such a blow hard!”</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Democracy means the majority determines the law.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I am all for democracy, but if we Evangelical Christians fall into the minority, what is our stance: demonizing and being nasty or reaching out and being loving.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>You will say that I don’t know the enemy.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I do.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We are our own worst enemies.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Our vitriolic, our meanness, our lack of love for our opponents mark us as mean spirited and unkind.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We must be kind and loving, even to and especially to our opponents. Are we “e pluribus unum” or not”? Are we working for change or just trying to stymy the other side and wait but our time as a minority?</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I don’t engage in eschatological proclamations. However, of one thing I am sure: Christians will eventually be in the minority before Christ returns.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>When Christianity began Christians were an illegal sect.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They were persecuted and killed for being atheists, for rejecting the Roman gods. They showed their superior moral quality not by haranguing and being nasty, but by showing love towards their enemies.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Peter says,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">14 But even if you should suffer for what is right, you are blessed. “Do not fear their threats; do not be frightened.” 15 But in your hearts revere Christ as Lord. Always be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have. But do this with gentleness and respect, 16 keeping a clear conscience, so that those who speak maliciously against your good behavior in Christ may be ashamed of their slander. 17 For it is better, if it is God’s will, to suffer for doing good than for doing evil. 18 For Christ also suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the body but made alive in the Spirit. 1 Peter 3:14-18</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Peter is speaking here to people who are in danger of losing their lives!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Yet he cites the example of Jesus, who loved his enemies so much that he was willing to die for them.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Though they hated him, beat him and put him to death, he loved them even through his death. He died to save them.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Who were we before Christ died to save us?</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">6 You see, at just the right time, when we were still powerless, Christ died for the ungodly. 7 Very rarely will anyone die for a righteous person, though for a good person someone might possibly dare to die. 8 But God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us. Romans 6</p>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-72679921599484000242022-01-19T15:24:00.004-08:002022-01-19T15:24:38.648-08:00CS Lewis on The Humanitarian Theory of Punishment<p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> <span style="font-size: medium;">In this article “The Humanitarian Theory of Punishment,” as found in <i>God in the dock</i>, chapter 4, Lewis is not directly taking aim at capital punishment.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Rather he is taking aim at the idea of punishment, and specifically how we can know whether the punishment fits the crime.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In fact he says that the “Humanitarian” [atheist?] view, as he labels it, says that punishment should be either a cure or a deterrent.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Lewis believes that jurisprudence should be committed to a justice view of crime and punishment.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The punishment should fit the crime, but we cannot know whether punishment fits the crime, if we do not have an absolute, moral standard of justice.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We do not merely want anyone or someone punished.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We want the person who committed the crime to be punished.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We can’t even begin to know what punishment (or as he puts it the “dessert”, what you earned) fits the crime, if we do not know what is wrong and what is right.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Scripture or moral code can tell us what is wrong and what is right, but if the wrong and right are not part of the penal code, punishment becomes either a cure or a deterrent.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"> Some “Humanitarians” see crime as illness or sickness, which must be cured. If the person committing the crime is considered “sick”, punishment is a “cure”. The difficulty with punishment as a cure is that only specialists can know whether and how a person is sick, and the “punishment” is a cure, which again only a specialist can affirm has occurred. Some people don’t consider a crime something wrong in a moral sense, but something aberrant or defective.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>A criminal must be cured of this defect or disease.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>There is no way for anyone other than a specialist to know when and if a cure has occurred.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The second way some “Humanitarians” see crime is as something to be deterred.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Many concepts like capital punishment are seen not only as a just dessert for murder, but as a warning, a deterrent to others not to murder anyone.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The difficulty is that anyone can be hung for any murder as long as the “court” assures the person is guilty.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In the worst case scenario a stacked jury would convict someone, and that person would be executed.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>It wouldn’t matter who was executed, as long as the execution deterred other crimes.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>When the Nazis controlled various areas, they would regularly round up ten people, it didn’t matter if any of them was guilty of the offense the Nazis wanted to stop, and they would execute these ten.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>This was precisely using execution as a deterrent where those executed were not guilty.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>It didn’t matter who they executed, as long as the execution stopped the actions the Nazis wanted to stop.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"> The problem with the “Humanitarian” view is not just that the punishment doesn’t fit the crime, but there is no way to know what behavior is a crime or not.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Instead of Scripture or moral code determining what is a crime, specialists determine who is ill or judges declare someone guilty for the purpose of scaring others.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Lewis’ point about tyranny and robber barons is meant to say that self-appointed “Humanitarians” develop legal concepts without a moral basis.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The cures and punishments could go on forever as long as long as the “Humanitarians” choose or think there is a need to continue treatment or punishment.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The robber barons in his scenario could be compared to the Turkish empire, which was known as “cruelty tempered by incompetence”.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The point is that a group of oligarchs could just grow tired of punishing people or “keeping the law” and allow people respite from their “tyranny”, i.e. deciding whether they were guilty and of what.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Lewis’ comment is meant to say that he wants neither tyranny nor robber barons.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He wants to make a case for crime and punishment to be grounded in a permanent, moral code or law.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He believes anything else is incoherent and subject to abuse by specialists.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In his response to criticism of the article he mentions JJC Smart, brother of Ninian Smart.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>JJC Smart was a proponent of act utilitariaism “because there is no adequate criterion on what can count as a ‘rule’“. Wikipedia JJC Smart - Focus on rules leads to "superstitious rule worship". Again Wikipedia. Smart inspired such thinkers as Peter Singer.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>JJC Smart was an atheist.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>See the book <i>Atheism and Theism,</i> Blackwell, 1996 (2003) </span><span style="font-size: 14px;">https://books.google.com/books?id=8F7jD-x07LYC&pg=PR3&source=kp_read_button&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&gboemv=1<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></p>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-35398369687290253552021-11-29T14:13:00.000-08:002021-11-29T14:13:05.876-08:00Inside The Mind That Created Narnia | The Real Life Of C.S. Lewis | Absolute History <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMHJR0sMT4W__vTEtqam3O5Z6krNv_lUsoL-zvKbVWknc33DibI4fUmjkkzkP81VOKsWqqCK7ZytX0IePRbs1lTEppAkdPrsa-vAbpM1Um3jeCiOvu2KmtwkSnQ33cwALCQ35Wns0oBtSu/" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrH2XtWrD3bg5Twew6PryZl-P5nwX3Xbh1zhTZ6FP5bm7aE3UWYGAZNzcrGgDYW4APnuftVcoQdjzbugkhS04pcWqX2JiDXzxd6Z9SKzleuEjET0F8UX_1g35JKtpcMEA18D8esRRSvx_O/w517-h190/image.png" width="517" /></a><br /><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMHJR0sMT4W__vTEtqam3O5Z6krNv_lUsoL-zvKbVWknc33DibI4fUmjkkzkP81VOKsWqqCK7ZytX0IePRbs1lTEppAkdPrsa-vAbpM1Um3jeCiOvu2KmtwkSnQ33cwALCQ35Wns0oBtSu/" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="572" data-original-width="936" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMHJR0sMT4W__vTEtqam3O5Z6krNv_lUsoL-zvKbVWknc33DibI4fUmjkkzkP81VOKsWqqCK7ZytX0IePRbs1lTEppAkdPrsa-vAbpM1Um3jeCiOvu2KmtwkSnQ33cwALCQ35Wns0oBtSu/w501-h392/image.png" width="501" /></a></div><br /><br /></div>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-62651071883046164362021-06-20T05:26:00.003-07:002021-06-20T05:27:12.709-07:00<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwMtGjYkHMmRzEvgUJEtDV0eQmjqetcFBMdGSo0Z9zeAdiKQ8S50fb0_y9E9pEe_A6Hatchh21m5x2O9wV_VUcv6-UOx0_YoRRtwka7zTXrJUY6F8dIOgxvYxnBuWY447RSB0HWxVSPw_R/s6000/71DDDBEC-BA8C-45E3-AA6B-2F26E36E2DC0.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6000" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwMtGjYkHMmRzEvgUJEtDV0eQmjqetcFBMdGSo0Z9zeAdiKQ8S50fb0_y9E9pEe_A6Hatchh21m5x2O9wV_VUcv6-UOx0_YoRRtwka7zTXrJUY6F8dIOgxvYxnBuWY447RSB0HWxVSPw_R/s320/71DDDBEC-BA8C-45E3-AA6B-2F26E36E2DC0.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p><b style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> GOTTSCHALK GAZETTE</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;">JUNE 2021<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Equipping leaders to reach Europe and the world with the Gospel</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">At Tyndale Theological Seminary near Amsterdam, NL</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">and Zaporizhzhya Bible Seminary in Ukraine</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Serving under Eastern Mennonite Missions</span></b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Last semester at Tyndale Theological Seminary</span></b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Linda and Phil were honored at a chapel service at Tyndale for her ten years on the staff and five years on the faculty and Phil’s twenty years on the faculty. </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">We finished our courses: Linda – Modern Church History and Thesis Prospectus, Phil – Foundations for theology, History of Philosophy of Religion I (Pre-Socratic philosophers to Kant) l and Doctrine of the Holy Spirit and Angels.</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Linda served one last time as Thesis Supervisor guiding four thesis defenses. She is still finishing some of her duties as Librarian, one of which has been to train her replacement who arrived in early June.</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">The last week of May we finished our last semester of teaching and working at Tyndale Theological Seminary. Tyndale Graduation on May 29<sup>th</sup> was in many ways bittersweet. We were touched to be asked to share the Student Charge, the message to the graduates.</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Zaporizhzhya Bible Seminary, Ukraine</span></b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Phil has continued to recruit teachers and to teach at Zaporizhzhya (Ukrainian name of the town; I used to use the Russian name) Bible Seminary. He taught the Doctrine of the Holy Spirit in May via Zoom. He continues to recruit teachers for the MTh program there and to coordinate when courses are taught. We are looking forward to moving there in June 2022 for a two to four year term.</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Summer in … the Netherlands & the US</span></b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">We are very pleased that our house here in the Netherlands sold for what for us is an incredible sum of money. The process of the “sale” is still in process. The buyers have signed off that they will buy or face a stiff penalty. On the other hand, the closing is <span dir="ltr" style="text-decoration: underline;">July 14, 2021</span>. We were advised that we ought to remain in NL until the final sale due to tax reasons.</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">This has changed our summer plans. We had expected to be at EMM’s Oasis retreat and be involved in a family vacation. Fortunately, we have been able to change our airline tickets and other arrangements.</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">We are expecting to return to Pennsylvania to Lancaster, near our mission’s headquarters and our daughter, Beth, and her family. We are looking forward to seeing our children, grandchildren, Phil’s siblings and Phil’s.</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt;">A year in the US</span></b><b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"></span></b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> We haven’t spent a full year Home Ministry Assignment in the US since 2005-06. I, Phil, frankly feel much older and tired! I am “owed” some sabbatical time (real rest, not academic sabbatical, which means writing, etc.). We will also spend a good amount of time traveling around to see our supporters.</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> We hope to buy a house in Lancaster, PA which we will live in for the year in the US and then rent out during our time in Ukraine. While in Ukraine we expect to rent a small apartment.</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Zaporizhzhya Bible Seminary Graduation</span></b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Zaporizhzhya Bible Seminary in Ukraine also had their graduation on May 29<sup>th</sup>. </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Please pray for several issues in the seminary and in the region. First, Seminary President Vladimir Degtyaryov has announced that he will retire. Vladimir’s wife was diagnosed with cancer last fall and died one month after the diagnosis. Vladimir has a son, daughter-in-law, grandson, and daughter in Zaporizhzhya, but it is still a great adjustment for him.</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Zaporizhzhya Bible Seminary Chairman of the Board, Mark Mackey, fell and had a serious brain trauma. Once his condition was stabilized, he flew to Seattle, Washington for evaluation and treatment. The doctors found that he needed a pace maker and had very low blood pressure, which had resulted in the fall. Mark is doing well, but needs prayer for recovery of his health. Mark and his wife, Joanne, live in the Seminary building in the “penthouse” apartment. Mark has been the main fundraiser and guiding force in the school for many years.</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Pray also for the Union of Christians Evangelicals Baptists in the Zaporizhzhya region. There was a long discernment process to find a new bishop for the Union. This past spring a replacement, Rev. Dr. Aleksei Ivanov, was chosen. Pray for his assuming of these duties and for the Union as adjustments are made. </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Zaporizhzhya Bible Seminary site</span></b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">You can find English, Russian and Ukrainian pages of the ZBS site at this address: <a href="https://zbs.com.ua/en/" style="color: purple;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">https://zbs.com.ua/en/</span></a> or on Facebook <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/zbseminary" style="color: purple;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">https://www.facebook.com/groups/zbseminary</span></a></span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Entertaining Angels Unaware: Welcoming the Immigrant Other</span></b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Phil’s book about immigration was published in late January by Cascade Books, an imprint of Wipf & Stock publishers. In the book Phil tries to ease people’s fears of immigrants, address their false conceptions of immigrants, direct them to a biblical view of immigrants and our role in helping them. </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">The book is in three parts. The first part addresses our fears and misconceptions. The second part discusses various countries and their attempts to integrate immigrants. The third part contains stories of our own experiences with immigrants: as teenagers in church, as a seminary student in Chicago, as missionaries in Yugoslavia during the war, as seminary professors in Leiden and finally as teachers in Ukraine during the great displacement of people from East Ukraine when the Russians took the cities of Luhansk, Donetsk and surrounding regions.</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">A review of the book can be found at <a href="https://www.emm.org/stories/articles/item/2866-who-is-at-the-door-entertaining-angels-unaware-challenges-perceptions-about-immigrants" style="color: purple;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">Entertaining Angels Unawares EMM review</span></a></span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">You can buy the book at <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Entertaining-Angels-Unaware-Welcoming-Immigrant-ebook/dp/B08WF63W1N/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1HX66OADYDNGK&dchild=1&keywords=philip+a.+gottschalk+entertaining+angels+unaware&qid=1615471756&sprefix=philip+a.+gottschalk+entertaining%2Caps%2C326&sr=8-1" style="color: purple;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">Entertaining Angels Unaware Amazon</span></a></span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> You can also find postings about the book at <a href="https://entertainingangelsunawaredrphilg.blogspot.com/" style="color: purple;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">Entertaining Angels Unaware Blog</span></a> and <a href="https://www.facebook.com/drphilginnl" style="color: purple;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">Entertaining Angels Unaware FB page</span></a></span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Thanks for your prayers, support and gifts! </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">We would not be here without you!</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Apple Chancery", serif; font-size: 24pt;">Phil & Linda Gottschalk </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Apple Chancery", serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Serving with Zaporizhzhya Bible Seminary, Ukraine </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">under Eastern Mennonite Missions</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 8pt;"> </span></b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">Contact information</span></b><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><a href="mailto:pagottschalk@gmail.com" style="color: purple;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">pagottschalk@gmail.com</span></a></span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><a href="mailto:gottschalkstuckrath@gmail.com" style="color: purple;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">gottschalkstuckrath@gmail.com</span></a></span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-84213085834142868102021-02-19T03:35:00.002-08:002021-02-19T03:42:12.009-08:00 Three types of thinking<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCvZXWXm31KVQsrNC-4dYEfaV-kFPSW9wREaGGoorMEbuFX075oLwhC5Ko5N7WqVWn7GesPY2hM2q0gAA7UIGAZykMq6tIqDXfkbRUvzl-feSrHUS6lQcDEnDkyejTdjKXRK6ngGPOHr89/s1521/AC238D17-8613-44EC-B9D6-799E3EECA015.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1454" data-original-width="1521" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCvZXWXm31KVQsrNC-4dYEfaV-kFPSW9wREaGGoorMEbuFX075oLwhC5Ko5N7WqVWn7GesPY2hM2q0gAA7UIGAZykMq6tIqDXfkbRUvzl-feSrHUS6lQcDEnDkyejTdjKXRK6ngGPOHr89/s320/AC238D17-8613-44EC-B9D6-799E3EECA015.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px;">As we, professors at Tyndale Theological Seminary near Amsterdam, the Netherlands, were discussing problems about how to help our students understand our subjects, I thought of David Hesselgrave's teaching about these two forms of thinking, abstract – logical and concrete - relational.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Actually he advocates three forms. (My memory of 40 years ago is probably failing.)</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">1) The "conceptual postulational thinking" of the Western world.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">2) The "concrete-relational/pictorial thinking" of China.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">3) The ''psychical/intuitional thinking" of India.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I have attached an article he wrote which explains these ideas and how they can be used in missiology (and teaching).</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">It was interesting for me after forty years to think back on this material. We used Hesselgrave's first edition of his <span face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" style="font-style: italic;">Communicating Christ Cross-culturally</span> and his book on <span face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" style="font-style: italic;">Dynamic Religious Movements</span> which came out at the time.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I was struck that Russian thinkers are somewhat similar in their mindset to Hindus.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Nicholas O. Lossky, on whom I wrote my dissertation, had a three tiered approach to knowledge:</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">1. Sensual intuition - ("concrete-relational/pictorial thinking") which meant what Kant meant by our faculties, which process sense data and construct a "phenomenal" world. Everyone is engaged in this type of knowledge production. It takes no special training or giftedness. It is something everyone does "intuitively" without any thought.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">2. Intellectual intuition - ("conceptual postulational thinking") Some, who are trained, can become logicians and mathematicians. These people must also have a native ability for this type of thought, but anyone can also improve their grasp and use of this sort of knowledge with training. (He does not mean what Kant means by intellectual intuition, which only God would have: thinkings something creates it.)</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">3. Mystical intuition- (''psychical/intuitional thinking") Only a few adepts can reach this type of knowledge which we might call intuitionism. Through spiritual exercises and asceticism, they reach a non discursive knowledge of God and spiritual things.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I think we as Western Evangelicals have traditionally focused on the 2nd tier. We (like Norman Geisler, for instance) give arguments and expect people to learn to think this way. (Geisler is actually using Thomas Aquinas' method.) Often average believers cannot follow such arguments. Fundamentalists eschew these arguments for a "simple preaching of the Gospel" or other theologians prefer some sort of fideism.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">These days more Western Christians are enamoured of Eastern Orthodoxy and just these sorts of mystic experiences and exercises. Many feel that there is much more than simple rationalistic arguments. They hate apologetics. Many are reading the works of mystic saints, e.g., Theresa of Avila, Julian of Norwich, et alia. Ignatian spirituality is gaining a lot of ground.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">If Hesselgrave is right, we use all three types of thinking. Our students from Africa and some parts of Asia are using Concrete relational thinking. They tell stories and use discrete examples, simple examples. They often do not understand making an argument and simply continue "circling" around an idea without drawing conclusions and don't see the need for an explanation or a structure.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Our attempts to give rational explanations or logical structures (XYZ statements a la Turabian) seem unclear to them, if not pointless. We need to try harder to use concrete examples, but continue to teach logical argumentation and its importance.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Gary Habermas gave me a simple illustration to help people understand the cosmological argument. He would draw a caboose and a train car and ask, "What pulls the caboose?" He would continue on with car after car and then ask, "But what pulls the whole train?" “The locomotive... This is God. He draws all things towards himself.” (This is pure Aquinas, his First Way (proof) of his Five Ways; which is also Aristotle's Prime Mover argument.)</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In Apologetics I would ask students to memorize the ontological, cosmological, teleological, moral or deontological and Francis Schaeffer's argument from the Trinity. They would memorize like anything. However, they often couldn't explain them at all.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The idea of the teleological argument and the moral argument are clear enough and easily demonstrated. Who created the eye? Who is the judge of the moral law within? But still I couldn't get them past raw memorization.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">North American students and European students (even those without a BA) had no problem with logical arguments or understanding these arguments (even if they thought that they were dull). My children when they were in high school had a course called "Theory of Knowledge" at the Rijnlands Lyceum in Oegstgeest, the Netherlands. It was, in fact, a course in argumentation. They excelled in the class. When asked how they knew how to argue so well, they said, "Our dad is a philosopher. We argue this way every night at dinner." ;-)</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Some professors give some assignments using mystic literature. But in general we as Evangelical eschew the "subjective." If the subjective is rooted in the scripture, it is not a problem, but as evangelicals we have no authorities, no way to limit such experiences to say which are legitimate.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In the Roman Catholic Church and in the Eastern Orthodox Church each monk or nun has a father confessor (a priest), a spiritual director (abbot/ abbess) and must submit to the rites of the church. They must confess the creeds or symbols of faith. They must make confession on a regular basis and do penance. There is a "rule" or “anchor” which directs their days: </p>
<ul>
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matins#Roman_liturgy_of_recent_centuries">Matins</a></span> (during the night, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">at about 2 a.m.</span>); also called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigil_(liturgy)"><span style="color: blue;">Vigil</span></a> and perhaps composed of two or three <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturns"><span style="color: blue;">Nocturns</span></a></li>
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauds">Lauds</a></span> or Dawn Prayer (at dawn, about <span style="text-decoration: underline;">5 a.m.</span>, but earlier in summer, later in winter)</li>
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_(liturgy)">Prime</a></span> or Early Morning Prayer (First Hour = approximately <span style="text-decoration: underline;">6 a.m.</span>)</li>
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terce">Terce</a></span> or Mid-Morning Prayer (Third Hour = approximately <span style="text-decoration: underline;">9 a.m.</span>)</li>
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sext">Sext</a></span> or Midday Prayer (Sixth Hour = approximately 12 noon)</li>
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/None_(liturgy)">None</a></span> or Mid-Afternoon Prayer (Ninth Hour = approximately <span style="text-decoration: underline;">3 p.m.</span>)</li>
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespers">Vespers</a></span> or Evening Prayer ("at the lighting of the lamps", about <span style="text-decoration: underline;">6 p.m.</span>)</li>
<li style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compline">Compline</a></span> or Night Prayer (before retiring, about <span style="text-decoration: underline;">7 p.m.</span>)</li>
<li style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></li>
</ul>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">This arrangement of the Liturgy of the Hours is described by Saint Benedict.</p>
<p style="color: #007aff; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours#Major_hours">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours#Major_hours<span style="color: #007aff;"></span></a></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">There are also rules about working a physical job, a regular routine of the hours and taking the sacrament (Eucharist).</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">There are also the Pope and Magisterium which determine orthodoxy. A mystic can be disciplined, if they do not follow their Rule or do not take the sacraments or refuse to say the creeds. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In the end only the "profession of the lips" can be known objectively. If they refuse to say the creeds or promulgate known heresy, they are disciplined.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Having a Pope and a Magisterium has been appealing to some who left Evangelicalism (e.g., Thomas Howard, Elizabeth Elliot's brother). Others want an "Apostolic succession" and a bulwark against modernism (e.g., those who have become RC or EOC to protest ordination of women).</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Since Protestant churches lack this sort of structure, mysticism is more dangerous and cannot be challenged except by appeal to scripture, though the interpreter can always be rejected (just start another church).</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Some Reformed communities focus on creeds (and synodal decisions). James KA Smith is a member of a Christian Reformed Church NA congregation. He manages to stay "orthodox" by submitting to the creeds (I guess), though he attacks logic and "Enlightenment Reason."</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I think we can learn from Hesselgrave and Lossky. Most people are on the Concrete - relational level. They need examples, pictures and stories. Some are Conceptual - postulational thinkers. We must teach logic and argumentation, rational belief. We dare not become fideists, which will lead as Hesselgrave says to liberalism and universalism. We can use psychical - intuitional thinking, but we must be sure to (as we do) ground students in the concrete - relational (OT stories, Gospels), but also insist on learning logical arguments and reasoning (Pauline epistles and apologetics / systematic theology).</p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">We who call ourselves Evangelical apologists fall into two camps: Evidentialists and Presuppositionalists. I am an Evidentialist (like Norman Geisler or William Lane Craig, et alia (those who Smith calls the "California school" (Talbot))). We must be very careful to avoid giving the impression that anyone can interpret the Bible without a worldview (theism and a commitment to rationality, the laws of logic). We must avoid in my opinion falling into the sort of fideism which Hesselgrave speaks of which lead to the demise of the Japanese Evangelical Church.</p>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-78766095656623726982021-02-07T06:08:00.002-08:002021-02-07T06:08:49.052-08:00Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service GIVE <p> </p><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3364bfc elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column" data-element_type="column" data-id="3364bfc">
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<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Compassion.</h2> </div>
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<div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"><p>It’s what we’re all about.</p><p><a href="https://www.lirs.org/80th">For 80 years</a>, Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service<strong> (LIRS)</strong>
has been a champion for refugees and migrants from around the globe. We
compassionately serve the most vulnerable as they rebuild their lives
in America. </p><p>At a time of unprecedented crisis, these newcomers
need our help more than ever. Learn more about our work and how you can
make a difference today.</p><p><a href="https://www.lirs.org/ways-to-give">DONATE NOW!</a><br /></p></div>
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</div></div>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-53138162725565144582021-02-07T06:06:00.005-08:002021-02-07T06:06:49.782-08:00Lutheran Immigration & Refugee Service (LIRS) HAS WELCOMED MORE THAN 500,000 REFUGEES & MIGRANTS over 80 years!<p>For 80 years, Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service has been a champion for refugees and migrants from around the globe.</p><div class="lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-50 lgc-tablet-grid-50 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights lgc-first" style="height: 298px;"><div class="inside-grid-column">
<p>Our legacy of compassionate service has made a difference in
the lives of hundreds of thousands of people who have found safety and
hope in America’s communities.</p><p><a href="https://www.lirs.org/">See their website</a></p></div></div>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-47993211780803487512021-02-07T06:04:00.001-08:002021-02-07T06:04:08.135-08:00Donate to Church World Services!<p> Church World Services</p><div class="" dir="auto"><div class="ecm0bbzt hv4rvrfc ihqw7lf3 dati1w0a" data-ad-comet-preview="message" data-ad-preview="message" id="jsc_c_7s"><div class="j83agx80 cbu4d94t ew0dbk1b irj2b8pg"><div class="qzhwtbm6 knvmm38d"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql oi732d6d ik7dh3pa fgxwclzu a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id hzawbc8m" dir="auto"><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto">Make an impact in our world with your gift today</div><div dir="auto"><br /></div><div dir="auto"><p>Excerpt</p><p>Our vision is a world where everyone has food, voice and a safe place
to call home. To do that, we come alongside families and communities,
helping them to make that vision a reality.</p>
<p>... Refugee families are settling into new homes and jobs,
far from the conflict that forced them to flee.</p></div><div dir="auto"><br /></div><div dir="auto"><a href="https://cwsglobal.org/donate/">Donate here!</a><br /></div></div></span></div></div></div></div>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-82370861309804989362021-02-07T06:01:00.001-08:002021-02-07T06:01:56.211-08:00Church World Service Celebrates Executive Action to Restore Life-Saving Refugee Resettlement Program<p><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql oi732d6d ik7dh3pa fgxwclzu a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id hzawbc8m" dir="auto">CWS Celebrates Executive Action to Restore Life-Saving Refugee Resettlement Program</span></p><p><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql oi732d6d ik7dh3pa fgxwclzu a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id hzawbc8m" dir="auto">Excerpt</span></p><p><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql oi732d6d ik7dh3pa fgxwclzu a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id hzawbc8m" dir="auto">“Today is a great day for refugee families seeking safety and the
countless American communities who want to welcome them. Our
resettlement program should be rooted in compassion and fairness, and
today’s order is an important first step to ensuring that it is,” said
Rick Santos, President and CEO of Church World Service. “While this is
an important step, there is more to be done. The administration must now
take additional action, by raising the refugee resettlement goal for
this year and by rebuilding this vital system at home and abroad, so the
United States can return to its role as a global humanitarian leader
during this crisis.”</span></p><p><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql oi732d6d ik7dh3pa fgxwclzu a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id hzawbc8m" dir="auto"><a href="https://cwsglobal.org/press-releases/cws-welcomes-executive-action-to-restore-life-saving-refugee-resettlement-program/">See the whole article</a><br /></span></p>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-70528016258150687862021-02-07T05:58:00.002-08:002021-02-07T05:58:59.076-08:00Biden commits to 125,000 refugee immigrantsLegal immigration to return to earlier levels, but will require rebuilding of some institutions which help
<div><br /></div><div>Excerpt</div><div><br /></div><div>Matthew Soerens, the director of church mobilization at World Relief,
one of those resettlement agencies, said his group closed eight offices
during the Trump administration. He said resettling 125,000 refugees
during the remainder of fiscal year 2021 would likely be impossible,
given the current infrastructure.</div><div>
<p>"We're really eager to rebuild and excited for the opportunity,"
Soerens told CBS News. "But we're also doing this as quickly as we can
with limited resources. It's not going to be something that's going to
be rebuilt overnight." </p><p>Resettlement agencies receive refugees
when they arrive to the U.S. and help them with housing, finding
employment, enrolling their children in schools and other matters to
facilitate their integration into American communities.</p><p>Meredith
Owen, the director of policy and advocacy at Church World Service,
another resettlement agency, echoed Soerens' comments.</p><p>"We're
going to need the Biden administration to really take concrete steps to
rebuild the overseas and the domestic infrastructure to actually be able
to resettle the number of refugees that we're hoping to over the next
four years," Owen told CBS News, saying the processing of refugees
should also be expedited.</p><p>The Lutheran Immigration and Refugee
Service closed or suspended services at 17 of its 48 resettlement
offices during the past four years. While acknowledging the logistical
challenges of ramping up refugee admissions, Krish Vignarajah, the
group's president, highlighted the symbolism of Mr. Biden's commitment.</p><p>"Raising
the ceiling will literally be life-saving for hundreds of thousands
fleeing violence and persecution because of the color of their skin, how
they worship or who they love," Vignarajah told CBS News.</p></div><div><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/refugees-125k-allocation-biden-executive-order/">See the whole story</a><br /></div>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-48262412457627674742021-02-05T06:49:00.004-08:002021-02-05T07:00:43.045-08:00Chapter Two Welcoming Strangers... Who do you see at your door?<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1pIayS2kSARr0N3ri1-vkQ5XxPZot78BgdMkl5jJTwXXNUjxk_iLWM9qgl2-eS_DPtBpXYS-xf5C69yTtC0sigUvsAzSPeHRb3B-fI4iVbEGri3819fHDX_8pze1QUzckncQe0NIXOvQb/s814/Entertaining+Angels+Unaware+Cover+9781725259478_Gottschalk+cropped.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="364" data-original-width="814" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1pIayS2kSARr0N3ri1-vkQ5XxPZot78BgdMkl5jJTwXXNUjxk_iLWM9qgl2-eS_DPtBpXYS-xf5C69yTtC0sigUvsAzSPeHRb3B-fI4iVbEGri3819fHDX_8pze1QUzckncQe0NIXOvQb/w400-h179/Entertaining+Angels+Unaware+Cover+9781725259478_Gottschalk+cropped.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>You can find the video for Chapter 2 here <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1o4o952Idnp132zRynpYIEm1vRIg_QDeO/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Ch 2</a> </p><p>Text:</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">We have a war going on about perception, how we see things.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Some argue that only one media network is trustworthy, while others argue a different one is the only one.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Some argue we don’t know the truth, since everything we see has been edited or filmed in a way to convince us of one thing or another.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">We often say: “Seeing is believing,” but what if we can’t trust what we see? Much of what we see depends on what we are prepared to see and what we expect to see.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">News media makes money by gaining viewers.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Often the most extreme image is used over and over again to catch our attention and to try to convince us to do something else or at least to watch some show.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">The National Geographic channel had a series called the “Evolution of Evil.” At one time the commercial for this series ran just about every commercial break.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In that short commercial break, we saw Hitler, Stalin, Osama bin Laden and Kim Jong-Un.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We saw the Twin Towers in New York City fall on September 11th, 2001, over and over and over.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We saw jihadis shouting with AK 47s in their hands.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">Certain images move us.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We come to accept a certain view of people and events based on the images we see.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">We see Al Shabab Muslim extremists behead someone. These sorts of images “sell” in the sense that they strike a nerve.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">The problem is that these images become the “normal” for us.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>All Muslims become jihadis.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>All Muslims hate Westerners.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>All Muslims are blood thirsty.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We have learned this from what we have seen with our own eyes.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">However, real life is not so interesting.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We don’t see the other 1.7 million “ordinary” Muslims baking bread, sweeping streets, selling their wares, playing with their children.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">We see what we have seen and what we have become conditioned to see. We don’t take the time to see the majority of the people as they are.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">A friend was unsure about meeting Muslims, who were immigrants in her neighborhood.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>She wondered how they would accept a woman, particularly a middle-aged American woman.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>She found to her surprise that they treated her with respect and dignity.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>She was surprised when one Muslim man picked up a saxophone and began to play it expertly.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>For some reason she hadn’t expected a Muslim to be able to play a saxophone.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">As this friend talked to these Muslim immigrants, she finally asked, “Aren’t you angry with Americans?”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>To which one man said, “We love the US Marines! We hate our government!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They bombed us!”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Of course, this surprised her.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">We are conditioned by our cultures and education to see certain things and people in certain ways. It’s convenient for us to have stereotypes.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>No one wants to admit that they have stereotypes, but we all do.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">How we see things and people depends on what we have known previously. Throughout history Jews have been despised in many places.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Ashkenazi Jews with long noses, dark hair and dark skin often encountered prejudice and even abuse.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The fact that some religious Jews wear black suits, yarmulkas and fedoras also makes them distinctive.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Also, because religious Jews can sometimes be standoffish towards outsiders, they are seen to be elitist or exclusivist.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">Since the Holocaust during World War II, most people in the West know more about Jews.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They recognize at least Ashkenazi, eastern European Jews.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>But sometimes they don’t know that there are also Sephardic Jews, who come originally from Spain and Portugal.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Here in the Netherlands the first Jews who came to the Netherlands were Sephardic Jews.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Some Sephardic Jews are blond or red headed and have blue eyes.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Those of us who knew only Ashkenazi Jews are surprised to realize that there blond, blue eyed Jews!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We see what we are prepared to see, what we know.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">As we look at immigrants, we tend to see stereotypes, if for no other reason than we don’t know anything else. Stereotypes allow us to deal with abstractions: “Muslims” or “Hispanics.”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>However, anyone with knowledge of “Hispanics” knows that you should never confuse a Cuban with a Puerto Rican or a Puerto Rican with a Mexican.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Here in the Netherlands and in neighboring Belgium to call a Fleming (a “Dutch” speaking Belgian) a Dutch man is an insult!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">When we get to know individuals, we come to understand that while they might belong to a larger group (“Muslims”), they as individuals may belong to a smaller subset, which hates another subset.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Some Sunni Muslims hate Shi'a Muslims.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Sunni Muslims are committed to the legacy of the Prophet Muhammad as expressed in traditions passed on by him to his relatives.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Shi’a Muslims follow a leader, an imam or Ayatollah. Many Iraqi Muslims are Sunni, while Irani Muslims are Shi’a.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Many Sunni Muslims consider Shi’a Muslims to be heretics and vice versa.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">For many of us that have grown up in the Western world we have never had to learn or had occasion to learn such distinctions.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Perhaps you know that Turks hate Kurds and Kurds hate Turks.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>However, both groups are Muslims.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">My point is that all of us see what we are accustomed to see. I was in the London Heathrow Airport in a long snaking security line waiting to reach the security point.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Another American near me cocked his head at a security guard and said, “Look, they have Muslim security guards.” I turned and said, “He’s not a Muslim.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He is a Sikh.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Sikhs have been the queen’s personal body guards for hundreds of years.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He doesn’t like Muslims.”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>My countryman in the line did not know a Sikh from a Muslim, but why would he without being taught to know the difference between a Sikh turban and netted beard compared to a Muslims white turban and flowing beard?</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">We should not make assumptions about people merely based on appearances.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We should get to know people as people.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Rather than fearing a stranger who “looks dangerous,” we should try to get to know that person as my friend did when she met the Muslim man who could play the saxophone.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">When we reach out to be helpful to immigrants, we learn more about the world and about ourselves.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We grow. We learn.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We come to appreciate others.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">When you have made friends with Ahmed and Afra and they invite you to a lovely dinner of lamb and tabouleh followed by a dessert of baklava, they cease to be an abstraction and a threat and become real people. When Ahmed asks you in a Bible study whether you believe in <i>jin</i> (demons) and you have to explain that you do and why, you grow.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">There was another image which was repeatedly broadcast on television in the last several years. It was a haunting image. It was a picture of a father who was kneeling on the beach of a Greek island. The father was holding his dead three-year-old son.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>His son had drowned.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Migrants hoping to reach the coast of a Greek island from Turkey are often put into boats which are not seaworthy.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The boat that this father and son were on had sunk.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The son was drowned and the father had not been able to save him.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">People all over the world were struck by the image.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The father’s grief was palpable.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Almost anyone could identify with his anguish.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">When we see another person, who is in need or in pain, we empathize.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We want to help. At least we want to help when we are at our best.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>At our worst we turn away or change the channel.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">When we see that father, we become in a way responsible for him. We feel an ethical responsibility for that man and his situation.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">Jesus told us to love others as we would have them love us.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We must ask what we should do for these people.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">It’s too easy to say, “I didn’t start that war! I’m not responsible for their suffering.” No, but we are responsible for our own reaction: Will we turn away, change the channel or respond from a heart of compassion?</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 36px;">That father might have been a Syrian fleeing Aleppo, a city which was repeatedly bombed until there was no “home” left. I met Syrians on the Greek island of Lesvos in the Migrant Detention Centre.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>That man could easily have been someone I would have met there.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Rather than seeing enemies or jihadis or “dirty foreigners” we need to look at these suffering people through the eyes of Christ, through the eyes of compassion.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>“In as much as you did it to the least of these, you did it to me."</p><p><br /><br /><br /></p>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-56722534885759174622021-02-02T05:00:00.004-08:002021-02-02T05:16:49.100-08:00Chapter one: Welcoming Strangers... or Terrorists?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9pdcVJqRO3OH6e5aWU8jMxyCFtQCTA096ekLdN3iDDZodjYBulcXxbLnmDGuhx70VM-ebwwvXu3sT_B-z3UwMfwImjUzM0rgXCfNKa1V7ZJdNhsaK3WClogccB5tBQ7SeXhI2jBWoU-nU/s814/Entertaining+Angels+Unaware+Cover+9781725259478_Gottschalk+cropped.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="364" data-original-width="814" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9pdcVJqRO3OH6e5aWU8jMxyCFtQCTA096ekLdN3iDDZodjYBulcXxbLnmDGuhx70VM-ebwwvXu3sT_B-z3UwMfwImjUzM0rgXCfNKa1V7ZJdNhsaK3WClogccB5tBQ7SeXhI2jBWoU-nU/w400-h179/Entertaining+Angels+Unaware+Cover+9781725259478_Gottschalk+cropped.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p>In this video I am introducing Chapter one of Entertaining Angels Unaware: Welcoming the Immigrant Other.</p><p>You can find the video here <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QZAh59qp3dh0AyUOzf6bAALK16vnRqB6/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Chapter one</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Text:</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Chapter 1 Welcoming Strangers … or Terrorists?</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">My name is Phil Gottschalk and I have written a book called Entertaining Angels Unaware: Welcoming the Immigrant Other. I am making a series of videos to highlight the chapters of my book. This video is about Chapter one Welcoming Strangers... or Terrorists?</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">One summer when I was in college I worked in a print shop in Madison, WIsconsin.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Every lunch time the whole crew would gather around the radio and listen to the inimitable Paul Harvey read “The Rest of the News.” Paul Harvey had a very distinctive voice and style as he read the news.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I’m not sure what made it “the Rest of the News,” but he had a way of reading the advertisements in the same way he read the stories and without any pause between them.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He would also say, “Page 2” as he started the next page.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I don’t know whether Chapter one of my book is “the Rest of the News,” but it was a chapter I didn’t want to write.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I really didn’t want to argue about terrorists or terrorism, because legal immigrants haven’t been and aren’t terrorists. However, a good friend said that I could not publish a book about immigrants without addressing the issue of terrorism. So I did.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">My main argument regarding legal immigrants to the United States is quite simple: no immigrant who entered the U.S. on an immigrant visa has killed anyone since the mid 1970s.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The odds of an American citizen in the US being killed by a legal immigrant are 1 to 3.86 billion per year.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In other words you’re more likely to be struck by lightening.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>It hasn’t happened in a long time.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>But what about the 9/11 bombers?</b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">There is a lot of confusion real or imagined about legal immigrants and terrorism.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The first issue is that people confuse some terrorists with legal immigrants. As soon as I say that there have been no killings by legal immigrants in the US since the mid-1970s, people begin to list “immigrants” who have killed others in the US.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The 9/11 bombers usually spring to mind.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>However, none of them were legal immigrants.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They entered the U.S. on student, tourist and business visas. As well, they were from Saudi Arabia and not any of the countries labeled as “state sponsors of terrorism.”</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">PAUSE</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Some have pointed to the Tsarnaev brothers, who carried out the Boston Marathon bombing.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>However, they were not vetted through the normal process used for legal immigrants who apply from abroad.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They were children when their parents were admitted on tourist visas. Later their parents sought political asylum, which follows a different process than legal immigration through the UNHCR and US Resettlement Support Centers. They did not undergo the rigorous vetting refugees hoping to become legal immigrants receive.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Others have pointed to the San Bernardino shooters, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizwan_Farook_and_Tashfeen_Malik">Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik</a>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>However, Syed was born in the US.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>His wife, was admitted to the US on a K1 Fiancée visa, not an immigrant visa. Thus, she did not go through the same scrutiny a legal immigrant goes through.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Again the facts are simple: there has been no killing by a legal immigrant since the mid-1970s and the odds of being killed by a legal immigrant are 1 to 3.86 billion per year.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The report which contains these facts was trying to assess whether the US government could make US citizens more safe by spending more money.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The conclusion of the report was “No.” The US spends 13.5 million dollars per year per citizen to keep US citizens safe.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>No amount of money could make US citizens any safer.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">So what can be done to stop attacks by “home grown” terrorists, those who have been radicalized in the US? I’m sure in the US the FBI, Department of Homeland Security and other agencies are doing all they can. This is not the focus of my book.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Freedom of speech and freedom of religion mean that people can read and believe what they want.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>However, criminal acts must always be prosecuted.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The law is the law.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>This has confused some people I have talked to.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I am not advocating receiving anyone and everyone as an immigrant.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">People on both sides of this issue confuse and conflate (bring together) various issues. Part of what I am trying to do in the book is to explain who is and who is not a legal immigrant.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I do not make any attempt to say anything about immigrants who cross the US southern border illegally (illegal immigrants). M. Daniel Caroll R (Rodas), himself half Guatemalan and an American evangelical Christian, a professor of Old Testament at Wheaton College in Illinois, has written an excellent book on that topic: Christians at the Border: Immigration, the Church, and the Bible. I cannot speak credibly to that issue.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He has and can. I heartily recommend his book.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I want people to understand that legal immigrants are safe. Legal immigrants have been vetted as extremely as anyone could possibly vet them.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">To become a refugee you must first apply to the UNHCR for that status.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>When a person asks for that status, they are first labeled a “migrant.” Getting the refugee status is not a given or easy.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Biometric data: photographs, fingerprints, history, identification verification, health checks and more are used to make sure the person asking for this status is in fact a refugee. This status is not granted lightly or quickly.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In the case of legal immigration to the United States a person’s case then goes to a US Resettlement Support Center located outside the US.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The same processing takes place for a second time.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Once a person is considered a safe person for legal immigration to the US, a US based agency has to volunteer to receive them, like the Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Services (LIRS).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>This group promises care for the integration of these legal immigrants in the US.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">A potential legal immigrant can even be stopped at the US border and refused entry, if for any reason these legal immigrants might be judged dangerous.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In fact the process can be started again for any reason the government deems worthy.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>One family had to restart the process due to the birth of a baby.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The US government does all that it can to ensure that those who enter the US as legal immigrants are safe and trustworthy.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Those who have worked with this system know that it is extremely careful and credible.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">So, remember there has been no killing by a legal immigrant in the US since the mid 1970s and the odds of being killed by a legal immigrant are 1 to 3.86 billion per year.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>You don’t need to fear legal immigrants or be reticent to help them.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I have focused in this chapter on legal immigration to the United States.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In other chapters I will speak about immigration in Europe.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Stay tuned!</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">+++++++++++</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">These statistics come from a risk analysis written by Alex Nowrasteh of the CATO Institute. “Terrorists by Immigration Status and Nationality: A Risk Analysis, 1975–2017”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">May 7, 2019 • Policy Analysis No. 866<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/terrorists-immigration-status-nationality-risk-analysis-1975-2017">https://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/terrorists-immigration-status-nationality-risk-analysis-1975-2017</a></span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-44203526023732791682021-02-01T09:45:00.003-08:002021-02-05T07:02:11.681-08:00Entertaining Angels Unaware: Introduction Welcoming the Immigrant Other<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkGDfr4_v0SMIEZludF6kgvJPtGvdcdd9FhINnFezF52FJzC0ApVyWpQpxYiGsr1c0EUDb4meZnUF14uNJ_AnoJaIawKV-v3UZx5frhuX_iLb9wz-kOr215aT-MBbR9PYbSwwJBD3xpkrq/s814/Entertaining+Angels+Unaware+Cover+9781725259478_Gottschalk+cropped.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="364" data-original-width="814" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkGDfr4_v0SMIEZludF6kgvJPtGvdcdd9FhINnFezF52FJzC0ApVyWpQpxYiGsr1c0EUDb4meZnUF14uNJ_AnoJaIawKV-v3UZx5frhuX_iLb9wz-kOr215aT-MBbR9PYbSwwJBD3xpkrq/w400-h179/Entertaining+Angels+Unaware+Cover+9781725259478_Gottschalk+cropped.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>I have made a short video introducing the book. </p><p>You can find it here <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZZPVkr321_bajbPTpblhyfz574L-0Ywn/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Entertaining Angels Intro</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Text:</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Where’s the beef?</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">My name is Phil Gottschalk and I have written a book called<i> Entertaining Angels Unaware: Welcoming the Immigrant Other.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In general I’d say that my book is like a hamburger, which is composed of different parts. Some chapters are technical and difficult, but they had to be to deal with the content of that chapter.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Some chapters are full of true stories about people, heroes I call them, who helped refugees and immigrants.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Some chapters are biblical exposition for how we should deal with refugees and immigrants.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Some chapters are more philosophical attempting to bring across not only facts, but feelings; how being a refugee or an immigrant feels.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">When I was a teen, Wendy’s restaurant opened.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>It was competition to McDonald’s and Burger King at the time.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Wendy’s had a series of ads, which featured a white haired old lady asking, “Where’s the beef?” The idea was that Wendy’s hamburgers had more beef, while competitors emphasized either special sauces or flame broiled burgers.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">My dad developed a lot of food allergies as he got older.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He couldn’t eat anything with glutin in it.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>So much for his beloved Cinnamon buns!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">However, at Wendy’s my dad got more beef for his buck. So my dad would order his double and take the bun off and set it aside.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He couldn’t eat the bun, but he could eat the salad and the beef patties. Boy, could he eat the beef!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He could even eat their chili!</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">My book is like a burger.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>There is “real beef” in the book.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The core of the book is the stories of heroes who cared for refugees and immigrants.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>There’s a lot more to the book, but the stories are the core.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">There are tough chapters of analysis and exposition of how different countries have deal with or deal with immigrants.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They are good solid chapters, but perhaps just a little too heavy for some. If you are reading my book, you might want to skip some parts or chapters that seem irrelevant to you.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I believe all the chapters have something to say, but if you don’t understand a chapter or it sets you off, skip to the next one. The various chapters work together like the perfect burger, but if you’re allergic to parts or you don’t want the sauce, skip to another chapter.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Why should you listen to me?</b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">When I showed up in Leuven, Belgium where I studied, I was telling stories about our experiences in Yugoslavia, where we spent the first ten years of our missionary career.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Some people thought I was telling “tall tales.” I think I laid that to rest when I was speaking in Russian one day with a Russian Ukrainian fellow student.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>After I wrote my MA thesis about a Russian Jewish philosopher, I think people began to realize my stories were real.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The stories in my book are real.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>There is in one sense no political agenda to my book.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>My goal in the book is to motivate Christians, evangelical Christians especially since that is my “pedigree” as a missionary and teacher, to help immigrants.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Finally I want to say that you should be careful not to believe reviews or accept a short portion of the book, which you might read on some website, as representative of the book or its main message.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>You won’t know the whole book without sampling several or all of the chapters.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Don’t miss the beef! If you have been turned off by one chapter or even two.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Read on or skip to the next section.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The beef of the book is the stories of the heroes, those who have helped the refugees and immigrants.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>So who am I?</b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Briefly I am a professor at Tyndale Theological Seminary near Amsterdam, the Netherlands.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I have lived in Communist Yugoslavia, Austria, Serbia, Belgium and the Netherlands.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I have experienced dealing with refugees in all of these countries, as well as in Greece.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>If you wish to know more of who I am, you can go to our seminary’s website: <a href="http://tyndale-europe.edu"><span class="s1">tyndale-europe.edu</span></a> and look for me under the Resident Faculty members.</p>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-2984238334000091212021-01-28T07:55:00.002-08:002021-01-28T07:55:54.188-08:00Entertaining Angels Unaware: Welcoming the Immigrant Other<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYhuzumRlruhAxxK4hwMGDbGoMQ4L6fzltOtj7FSZm4Y5_X5ZvWyriZGf6l_l7b4Nows36EK_xPjZNf68W0z1PEaYbwmNbwo3e5EGEleZoDE2qmkkgUCNXfF37d4ukkgo5UubQ9oOU6p-9/s814/Entertaining+Angels+Unaware+Cover+9781725259478_Gottschalk+cropped.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="364" data-original-width="814" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYhuzumRlruhAxxK4hwMGDbGoMQ4L6fzltOtj7FSZm4Y5_X5ZvWyriZGf6l_l7b4Nows36EK_xPjZNf68W0z1PEaYbwmNbwo3e5EGEleZoDE2qmkkgUCNXfF37d4ukkgo5UubQ9oOU6p-9/w400-h179/Entertaining+Angels+Unaware+Cover+9781725259478_Gottschalk+cropped.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>My book is now available in paperback and hardback directly from Wipf & Stock (though it is a Cascade imprint). </div><div><br /></div><div><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://wipfandstock.com/9781725259478/entertaining-angels-unaware/&source=gmail&ust=1611930929607000&usg=AFQjCNFar19tGvw8HbTJS4Vkjn5JTUSRjA" href="https://wipfandstock.com/9781725259478/entertaining-angels-unaware/" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">https://wipfandstock.com/<wbr></wbr>9781725259478/entertaining-<wbr></wbr>angels-unaware/</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>One can also buy an epub version (Google Play).</div><div><br /></div><div><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://play.google.com/store/books/details/Philip_A_Gottschalk_Entertaining_Angels_Unaware?id%3DaE8TEAAAQBAJ&source=gmail&ust=1611930929607000&usg=AFQjCNHqnOXdW5mBYk1IqboqGSuX_p3MCw" href="https://play.google.com/store/books/details/Philip_A_Gottschalk_Entertaining_Angels_Unaware?id=aE8TEAAAQBAJ" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">https://play.google.com/store/<wbr></wbr>books/details/Philip_A_<wbr></wbr>Gottschalk_Entertaining_<wbr></wbr>Angels_Unaware?id=aE8TEAAAQBAJ</a><br /></div><div><br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;" /></div>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-35195305542728588482021-01-25T09:52:00.003-08:002021-01-25T09:52:34.834-08:00Gottschalk Gazette December 2020<p> <span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 36px;">Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!</span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">Dear Friends,</span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">We want to pause to say, “Thank you!” for your prayers, friendship and encouragement. We have finished our Fall 2020 semester Final Exam Week this past week at Tyndale Theological Seminary in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Linda and I are so grateful to all of you who continue to support us.</span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">August 2020 marked our twentieth year at Tyndale Theological Seminary and our 30th year in Europe. </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">The past Spring 2020 semester and this Fall 2020 semester have been rather bizarre due to the COVID virus. In the Spring 2020 our faculty, staff and students managed to avoid any infections, but we had a pretty strict lockdown in the Netherlands, which the government ordered. In </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">mid-March</span><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> 2020 we started to teach all classes virtually using video conferencing. </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">Linda and I decided not to travel to the US this past summer of 2020 due to COVID. Others on our faculty and staff did return to the US and some, who returned to NL from the US, fell ill with COVID.</span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">This past summer (2020) while on vacation we prayed and sought the Lord about our future. As we reported </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">earlier,</span><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> we believe the Lord is leading us to leave Tyndale in June 2021. We plan to return to the US for a year and then to go to Zaporozhye, Ukraine for two to four years (until 2024-26) before we officially retire. We will teach as a part of the Master of Theology program of the Zaporozhye Bible Seminary where we have taught before and where Phil has been coordinating the MTh program.</span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">We returned to the classroom at the end of August 2020 only to have the seminary shut down an extra week during our normal Fall 2020 Reading Week (so two weeks). </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">Unfortunately,</span><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> the second wave of COVID affected 30-40% </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">of</span><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> our faculty, staff and students. One student was hospitalized and is still struggling.</span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">After that Fall 2020 extra </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">week-long</span><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> Reading Week (two weeks) some professors elected to continue with </span><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">face-to-face</span><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> classes and others, like us, decided to return to video conferencing classes. Throughout the Fall 2020 semester Linda struggled with two health crises, one being COVID. Thankfully, she is fully recovered from both.</span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">LIke</span><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> many of you we have also had to suffice with virtual church. We both miss singing and playing in the music group at church. Both of us have contributed to the worship by recording sermons and music for some of these services. Our church has decided to cancel Christmas Eve services due to the new measures instituted by the Dutch government on COVID.</span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">Since we expect to sell our home here in the Netherlands in June 2021 we are in the process of sorting, packing and giving things away. We have accumulated a lot of stuff here in Europe over the past 34 years. This process is both one of a slow saying goodbye and more or less a process of cutting down what will remain in Europe and what will either be sent to the US or given away.</span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">Despite the circumstances we have taught a large number of courses. Phil taught Foundations for Theology, The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit and the History of Philosophy I in the Spring 2020 Semester. Linda was on sabbatical and worked on writing a history of Tyndale Theological Seminary which is about half done. </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">In the Fall 2020 Semester Phil has taught the Ethics of War, Peace and Peace</span><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">-</span><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">making, Communicating Christ to Postmodern Culture and Introduction to Islamic Philosophy. He also had three mentees for spiritual formation and one Master of Evangelical Theology thesis writer. Linda taught Research Methods (two sections: Master of Divinity and Master of Evangelical Theology) and Topics from the Reformation. She had worked with one MET thesis student, but that was the student who came down with COVID and was hospitalized and then decided to stop her studies for this semester.</span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">In Spring 2021 Phil will teach the same three courses as last Spring semester. He will also have the three mentees for spiritual formation and the thesis writer who will hopefully defend his thesis in May. Linda will teach Modern Church History and Thesis Prospectus (helping MET thesis writers develop their thesis proposals).</span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">We appreciate how you have continued to support us financially and emotionally with your prayers and encouragement. We are grateful to you and the Lord that we have had 30 years of ministry in Europe next summer. We hope by God’s grace to last until we hit 40 years as missionaries in 2024.</span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.600000381469727px;"> </span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">Warmly in Christ,</span></p><p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.600000381469727px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">P</span><span class="s20" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 21.600000381469727px;">hil & Linda Gottschalk</span></p>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-9672934467262789332020-12-02T08:14:00.009-08:002020-12-02T08:14:44.204-08:00Going! Going! Gone!<p> </p><div><div class="" dir="auto"><div class="ecm0bbzt hv4rvrfc e5nlhep0 dati1w0a" data-ad-comet-preview="message" data-ad-preview="message" id="jsc_c_9w"><div class="j83agx80 cbu4d94t ew0dbk1b irj2b8pg"><div class="qzhwtbm6 knvmm38d"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql oi732d6d ik7dh3pa fgxwclzu a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id hzawbc8m" dir="auto"><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">As the current, but not for long Chair of the Division of Theological and Historical Studies at Tyndale Theological Seminary near Amsterdam, the Netherlands I would like to share a few thoughts.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">You all know that I like science fiction both to read and to watch. The movie Ghost in the Shell came out a couple years ago. Ghost in the Shell is a Japanese anime (cartoon) series of graphic novels and anime movies, however in this iteration it was done with live actors and CGI.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">The main protagonist is Major Mira Killian, the Ghost in the Shell, who is played by Scarlett Johansson. Mira was murdered and then her brain was put into a cyborg body. The main theme is how she tries to understand who and what she is.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">At one point in the movie she is discussing this with the scientist Dr. Oulet, who “created” her. Outlet is played by actress Juliette Binoche. To keep Mira on focus with her task of fighting terrorists, the scientist has regularly “wiped her memories” and given her false memories to motivate her. Mira has some flashbacks, but cannot figure out what they mean.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Dr. Outlet says to Mira:</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">“We cling to memories as if they are what defines us, but what we do defines us.”</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">I was struck by this statement. There are layers of irony in the film, but on face value this statement is pregnant with wisdom.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">We cling to our memories, our successes, our accomplishments as if they define us, and they do to a point, but we always face the danger of falling into defending who we are by our past accomplishments. In a publish or perish academic institution one must, well, publish or perish.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">In the sort of institution Tyndale is, as Cecil Stalnaker, our long time Missions professor, used to call it, a mission school, the roles of the faculty and staff constantly change. This can be due to shortages of personnel either administrative or academic, as it was in the past. In the past everyone carried several administrative jobs as well as academic jobs. We all pitched in and did what we needed to do to keep the school going.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">As the faculty and staff have expanded there is no longer the need for us to do several administrative jobs or to carry a heavy load of courses. We can divide and conquer now.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">For me this time has been in many way enjoyable. I have been able to focus on a few courses I excel in and feel passionate about and to develop some electives which I like.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Another thing I have tried to do is to mentor my successors. I count Szaszi Bene to some degree, Rahman Yakubu, and Solomon Dimitriadis,as some I have tried to encourage and even Bob Landon as a former student. I hope that all of us who are going, going, gone sooner rather than later are focusing on helping younger colleagues get their feet and find their place.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">However, every era comes to an end. Throughout the past twenty years I have survived several changes of presidents, vice presidents, academic deans and even colleagues who unfortunately came and went for a variety of reasons. Each time we reinvented ourselves. </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Accreditation was a great accomplishment, but like many things it is not a “once and for all” accomplishment. It is moving target as we are assessed and given requirements for change.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">“We cling to memories as if they are what defines us, but what we do defines us.”</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">The past is the past. It may be a foundation, but it is gone. What we do now is what defines us.</div></div></span></div></div></div></div></div>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-3558688431577325672020-11-11T10:20:00.002-08:002021-01-15T00:38:49.360-08:005-4<div><div dir="auto"><div class="ecm0bbzt hv4rvrfc e5nlhep0 dati1w0a" data-ad-comet-preview="message" data-ad-preview="message" id="jsc_c_cb"><div class="j83agx80 cbu4d94t ew0dbk1b irj2b8pg"><div class="qzhwtbm6 knvmm38d"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql oi732d6d ik7dh3pa fgxwclzu a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id hzawbc8m" dir="auto"><div class="kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">5-4</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">When Brett Kavanaugh was added to the US Supreme Court, “Conservatives” got control of the Court. When Amy Coney Barrett was added the Court went 6-3. Some hope that the US Supreme Court will rule in their favor. We shall see.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">5-4</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">was also another significant margin of votes for me. I have been obsessing lately about news related to the US Presidential election. I was very, very afraid that there would be violence particularly on the Saturday after the election after news media had called the election. That feeling wasn’t lessened much when I saw Rick Santorum say that he thought what the President was tweeting was dangerous. Santorum in no liberal. He is a Republican of sure pedigree.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Why I asked myself was I so worried about violence starting in the US following this election? Was it just news media winding me up?</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">As I was preparing my class today, the Ethics of War, Peace and Peacemaking to speak about my experiences in Yugoslavia, I realized why I was so upset and worried about the possibility of violence in the US following the election: I’ve been there and done that.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">As a naïve and ardent young missionary, I took my family to Belgrade, Yugoslavia in 1986. Through the 1970s and into the 1980s Yugoslavia had been the picture poster child of Communism. The Adriatic coast brought movie stars to vacation there. The Winter Olympics had taken place in Sarajevo in 1984. Belgrade is a lovely town on the Danube River. Who could imagine the violence and destruction that would soon descend on Yugoslavia? But a young Serbian Communist politician called Slobodan Milosevic wanted to replace Josip Broz Tito who had been the leader of Yugoslavia after World War II.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><br /></div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">There were changes which Milosevic wanted to make that would make him the “king” in Yugoslavia. The numbers were 5-4.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Tito had devised a very, as some say, “torturous” system of government in Yugoslavia. Each of the six republics: Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Montenegro and Macedonia had a seat in the Presidium, the highest ruling body. The leadership of the Presidium rotated through the republic leaders to try to keep a balance.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">There was a large number of Serbs in Yugoslavia. They were about a third of the population and the largest group. The Serbian king had ruled Yugoslavia before the World War II Allies had replaced him with Tito. The Serbs wanted power.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Tito kept the Serbs from power by a unique system: 5-4. Each republic has a vote on the Presidium. So, there were six votes. However, to control the Serbs Tito divided Serbia into three parts: Vojvodina (in the north), Serbia proper and Kosovo (in the south). Vojvodina and Kosovo were given autonomous status within Serbia. Vojvodina is a very ethnically mixed area with Serbs, Slovaks, Czechs, Romanians and Hungarians. Kosovo, though the home and birthplace of the Serbian people, was 90% Albanian. Each autonomous region had their own courts, government and executive branch. Each of the autonomous regions had a vote on the Presidium. So, the result was 6-3: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Macedonia, Vojvodina & Kosovo vs Serbia, Montenegro, and the Army which had a vote.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">However, Slobodan Milosevic and his forces changed the Serbian Republic’s Constitution taking autonomous status away from Kosovo and Vojvodina. Thus, Serbia had now 5-4: Serbia (with Vojvodina & Kosovo), Montenegro & the Army vs Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Hercegovina and Macedonia.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">When Serbia manage to pass this change and gain a 5-4 advantage in the Presidium, in effect control of the country, first Slovenia and then Croatia seceded from the Union of Federated Socialist Republics of Yugoslavia. The real war started with the secession of Bosnia & Hercegovina. Bosnia & Hercegovina was about 1/3 Serb. The Serbs in Serbia proper were not about to allow the Bosnian government to control those people. The war, which the West calls the “Bosnian War,” started in earnest. To the Serbs it was always a “Civil” War since the three republics seceded (though the Serbs changing the Constitution precipitated the war).</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">5-4</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">So, 5-4 and more 6-3 frightens me. People feel justified. This is the way the system works. The President was able put three Justices on the Supreme Court. Now he should be able to expect support for his court cases.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Will “We the People” end because of 5-4 or 6-3? There may not be violence in the US on the scale of former Yugoslavia and everyone in the US thinks they are far above that sort of war. But are we? Many see their candidate as God’s choice. Many see the other side as godless or religious maniacs. Yet, the country is almost literally divided in half in terms of the popular vote. We are a nation divided. E pluribus plures. “From the many, many.”</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">I hope that the US does not descend to the madness of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. However, I have seen how populism, nationalism and religious fanaticism can end. Compromise is the essence of democracy. If we cannot get past our demonizing of the other side and start to work together, we are doomed. Sooner or later our country will descend into violence or dictatorship. We must work together. We must live together. We must care for each other.</div></div></span></div></div></div></div></div><p> </p>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-50098973586994267402020-11-11T10:18:00.000-08:002020-11-11T10:18:08.042-08:00Three keys of a speech<p> </p><div><div class="" dir="auto"><div class="ecm0bbzt hv4rvrfc e5nlhep0 dati1w0a" data-ad-comet-preview="message" data-ad-preview="message" id="jsc_c_az"><div class="j83agx80 cbu4d94t ew0dbk1b irj2b8pg"><div class="qzhwtbm6 knvmm38d"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql oi732d6d ik7dh3pa fgxwclzu a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id hzawbc8m" dir="auto"><div class="kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"></div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">When I was taking a preaching course or perhaps it was a pastoral duties course in seminary, my professor said that there were three elements of rhetoric or speech: pathos, ethos and logos.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Pathos means, in effect, emotion or passion. If a speaker does not touch the emotions of his or her audience, then he or she will likely not be persuasive. Some preachers and speakers can “play the audience like an organ,” my professor said. They know how to play on emotions. Other speakers, who have something to say, may fail to convince because they do not move peoples’ passions.</div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Ethos means that a speaker is a moral person or has moral authority to speak. If a person has the right message, but is perceived as having no character, then he or she probably won’t be convincing. On the other hand, if the speaker has a long track record of speaking truthfully, keeping his or her word, and is known to be a morally good and consistent person, then his or her message is more likely to be received and be persuasive.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Logos means a message. For a speaker to communicate something, the speaker has to have something to say, a message, a word. Often it seems some speakers are great with pathos, they know how to persuade an audience, even if their message might be lacking. At other times those with ethos, moral authority, may be mistaken and advance a message that is false or faulty. In effect they may abuse their moral high ground to advance a questionable message.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Evangelical preachers tend to focus on logos, the word, or message. Is our exegesis, our biblical interpretation right? Some preachers, however, have been consummate “organ players” and even though they had fantastic “falls from grace” (committed obvious and egregious sins), however, they continued to be allowed to preach by their audiences. Some preachers, as I just mentioned, have lost their moral authority due to sinful behavior. However, people follow them because at least for a while the message seems sound.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">We Evangelicals need to focus on ethos. We have always been strong on logos. I am proud that I have learned biblical Greek and Hebrew and that I went to one of the best Evangelical seminaries in America. However, I am appalled when I see well-known preachers deliberately sin over a long period of time and be “forgiven,” as if their sins made no difference to being qualified to preach the Bible.</div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">I’m also afraid that Evangelicals have become showmen or show women. It’s easy, if you are a persuasive speaker, to move peoples’ passions. It is harder to persuade them to live godly lives. The scriptures warn that in the end times (the last days) people will gather to themselves preachers who will “tickle their itching ears.” 2 Timothy 4:3 </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">“For the time will come when people will not put up with sound doctrine. Instead, to suit their own desires, they will gather around them a great number of teachers to say what their itching ears want to hear.”</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">This means that rather than ask preachers to speak God’s truth to them in an uncompromising way, people will seek preachers that make them feel good and give them esoteric knowledge, rather than provoke them to lively godly lives.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">I could tell many stories and it is not my purpose to bash anyone in particular, however, I know of one extremely well-known preacher who committed adultery and left his wife. He tried to force his son to side with him and not his mother. The son declined.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">I don’t know all of the circumstances of this case, but it was pretty clear. I know that at times marriages are in bad shape and some don’t survive, but when you have been preaching faithful marital monogamy for decades and then take a “trophy wife,” there’s a fundamental problem with your ethos.</div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">I used to think that logos was the essential element to good preaching. Who can argue with a sound exposition of the World of God? (At least among Evangelicals). But it is too easy to say the right words, to sign the doctrinal statement and harder to maintain ones’ spiritual life and integrity.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">We need logos to have a sound message. We need pathos to be able to persuade people to follow the Truth. But without ethos we have nothing to say that anyone will hear.</div></div></span></div></div></div></div></div>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1171883773203263291.post-20339911343020466672020-08-23T06:43:00.004-07:002020-08-23T06:43:44.514-07:00Jesus - Savior or Example? Part II<p class="p1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Collect of the Day: Proper 15</b></p><p class="p2" style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><b></b><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-size: 12px;">Almighty God, you have given your only Son to be for us a sacrifice for sin, and also an example of godly life: Give us grace to receive thankfully the fruits of his redeeming work, and to follow daily in the blessed steps of his most holy life; through Jesus Christ your Son our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever. Amen.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-size: 12px;">Book of Common Prayer</span> </span></p><p><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px;">I began with a prayer above that spoke of Jesus as both the sacrifice and the example or exemplar.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px;"> </span><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px;">These are two Christologies, understandings of the person and work of the Messiah, Jesus.</span></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Because some more rationalistic (antimiraculous) theologians didn’t like the bloody Old Testament sacrifice of atonement and didn’t like the idea of someone else dying for them or anyone else (This seemed “unfair” to them.) and because they did not believe in the deity of Christ (They were Deists, rather than Theists.), they proposed a view of Christ in which he was a wise teacher and a good person, who left us an example of how to act.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>This is called an Exemplarist Soteriology.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Soteriology is the teaching or doctrine about how we are saved.</p><p class="p2" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">These theologians believed that Jesus was not a sacrifice, but only a moral example, a teacher.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They did not believe Jesus was the son of God or a miracle worker.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>For them Jesus’ teaching and life laid down the perfect example of a good person, a person who pleased God.</p><p class="p2" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">There is no doubt that Jesus meant us to follow his example.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>There is also no dout that Jesus gave his teaching so that we could be conformed to his image, to his moral will.</p><p class="p2" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">However, Exemplarist Soteriology begs a few questions. First if Jesus is an example, why would he be “THE” example? In other words, why Jesus and not Buddha? “It’s my tradition,” is no answer.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>If Jesus is not the Son of God who died for me and paid the price for my sin, why follow his teaching? Examplarist Soteriology doesn’t answer the question about how to deal with our “sin problem.” <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Generally speaking these theologians didn’t accept that everyone was born in sin and so needed redemption (the doctrine of original sin).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They were more in line with the thinking of Pelagius, an early theologian, who believed that we did not need a sacrifice for sin, but only need to work harder and longer to overcome our sins.</p><p class="p2" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Exemplarist Soteriology also doesn’t answer HOW we can follow Jesus’ example.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>If he is the greatest, most perfect teacher, how are we to find the strength and will to follow him?</p><p class="p2" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Biblical soteriology gives us the answer: the answer is the Holy Spirit.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Following salvation (being saved from sin) is sanctification (being conform to Christ’s likeness).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Once we are saved the Holy Spirit comes to dwell in us and guides us into growing in holiness.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Not only does the Holy Spirit indwell us and guide us, he gives us POWER to live the Christian life, to follow Christ’s example.</p><p class="p2" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Jesus’ example may be a beautiful thing.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Immanuel Kant, the Enlightenment philosopher, loved Jesus the Teacher.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>He called him Master.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Kant’s Categorical Imperative, a law which he believed we could reach by practical reason alone, was a paraphrase of the “Golden Rule.” <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Kant said, “Act in such a way that your action could become universal law.” He claims that we can know this by thinking alone without revelation.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>His law means in paraphrase, “If you don’t want someone to steal from you, don’t steal.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Stealing can’t be allowed.”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In simpler, positive terms he could have said, “Do unto others what you want them to do unto you.”</p><p class="p2" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In his book, <i>Religion within the bounds of reason alone</i>, Kant talks much of the Teacher, but not of the Savior.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Kant is a Deist who does not see Jesus as the Savior or the Son of God.</p><p class="p2" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">We cannot accept an Exemplarist Soteriology.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Jesus is not just an example, he is the Savior of the whole world.</p><p class="p2" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">We should follow his example. The New Testament is full of commands to follow Christ’s example. The goal of sanctification, growth in holiness is to make us like Jesus, to conform us to his image.</p><p class="p2" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The sacrifice of Jesus is the accomplishment of our salvation, our atonement with God the Father. The presence of the Holy Spirit is the motive power of sanctification. Salvation is a moment, a decision to accept Christ.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Sanctification is a lifetime of effort to live like and for him.</p><p class="p2" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I like that prayer above because the “two wings of the dove,” so to speak, are balanced.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>There is no real growth in Christ or outcome of salvation without conforming to his example and teaching.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>There is also no growth without the presenec of the Holy Spirit within our lives.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>But there is no hope of following that example without first being redeemed and reconcilied with God without the death and sacrifice of Christ.</p><p class="p2" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="background-color: rgba(255, 245, 224, 0.098); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">So, let us rejoice in his redeeming sacrifice for us and let us strive to be more like him.</p>Phil Gottschalkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13038128611441603206noreply@blogger.com0